There is experimental evidence of adverse effects of endosulfan on the male reproductive system, but there are no human data. Therefore a study to examine the relationship between environmental endosulfan exposure and reproductive development in male children and adolescents was undertaken. The study population was composed of 117 male schoolchildren (10–19 years of age) of a village situated at the foothills of cashew plantations, where endosulfan had been aerially sprayed for more than 20 years. The study reveals that endosulfan has no adverse effects on the male reproductive system.