Free Essays on Enzyme to Get Inspired & Learn by Example

Introduction

Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme that is most critical in the process of biomineralization (Whitehurst & Law 2002). The enzyme enhances the hydrolysis of substances that constitute phosphates, generates orthophosphate besides enhancing the calcium uptake. Alkaline phosphatase is a hydrolytic enzyme responsible for removing phosphate groups from DNA and proteins. A typical substrate for the enzyme is para-nitrophenol phosphate that is hydrolysed to para nitrophenol by the enzyme. This has an absorbance at 410nm and so activity of the enzyme can be measured spectrophotometrically.
In humans, the main sources of alkaline phosphatase are the liver, bile duct, kidney bone and Continue reading...

Objective: Investigate the effect of increasing temperature on enzyme activity.

Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalyst. All most all the functions in the cell are regulated by these enzymes. Except for RNAase, all most all the enzymes are proteins. Enzymes are very efficient and specific in the reaction they catalyze. All enzymes exhibit four common features: I. Enzymes do not make a reaction to occur; they can only fasten the reaction rate. II. Enzyme molecule is not permanently altered by the reaction, though they may be altered transiently. However at the end of the reaction they emerged unchanged and can be used over and over again. III. Enzyme can catalyze Continue reading...

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Aim:

The objective of this report is to review the steps that were conducted in the PCR directed RFLP evaluation.
Evidence Review
The fundamental technique for the detection of the restriction fragmented length polymorphism entails the segmentation of the DNA sample by applying a restriction enzyme. The process applies the differential in the sequences of the homologous DNA that can be found by the presence of DNA segments subsequent to their absorption. The restriction fragmented length polymorphism probes are applied in the evaluation of variations.

First Extraction

The complete DNA is absorbed with an enzyme that Continue reading...

Introduction

Niemann-Pick Disease represents a group of inherited, genetic disorders, clinically referred to as leukodystrophies, which are more commonly known as lipid storage disorders. In each of the variations of the conditions all share one specific aspect in common, they cause lipids to not be properly metabolizes and inappropriately allows lipids, fats, to accumulate in different organs of the body, including the liver and brain. Over time this accumulations become severe enough that permanent damaged is caused (Kugler, 2014). This condition, due to its genetic origins, is inherited and is often a cause of serious health problems in new infants, Continue reading...

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This lab experiment is aimed at studying the rate of reaction involving enzymes by observing the change in absorbance when the reaction is carried out. This experiment will illustrate both the methods of using the linked assay method.

Introduction

The reaction rate of reactions involving enzymes is studied spectrophotometrically by monitoring the change in absorbance at different intervals during the reaction. The accurate measurement of glucose is important in the diagnosis and management of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The enzymes that will be used in this experiment are Hexokinase (HK) and Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH). The nicotinamide coenzymes are Nicotinamide Continue reading...

Introduction: Niacinamide is an amide of niacin. It is the active form of the vitamin. Niacin is converted to niacinamide predominantly in liver. Other body tissues are also capable to amide conversion. Both the forms of vitamin are heterocyclic aromatic compound. They are collectively called Vitamin B3. Yeast, milk, fish, eggs, green vegetables, beans and cereal grains are rich sources of this vitamin. People whose diet is solely based on staple food like corn, are likely to suffer from niacin deficiency. Tryptophan is a substrate for in vivo synthesis of niacin, and this amino acid is deficient in corn. Continue reading...

Staphylococci

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Foodborne diseases are common in all parts of the world. Foodborne diseases are associated with the food consumed. These diseases can be categorized into two forms based on the cause of the disease. Food intoxication or food poisoning and food infection are the two divisions of the foodborne diseases. Food intoxication is the result of consumption of toxins along with the food. Toxins can be produced by the bacteria, fungi, or they may be already present in the food, for instance, some mushrooms are toxic. These mushrooms Continue reading...

Abstract

Growth incorporates a uniform increase in the volume of cellular components. All organisms grow as a main biological characteristics. Growth is a factor that can be measured using a number of parameters and determined standards incorporated as well. The reproduction amongst most bacteria take place through binary fission. There are factors affecting growth amongst organisms such as temperature. Since growth depends largely on enzyme activity, which also relies greatly on temperature then the former can be used as a factor of the latter and both can provide reliable information in determining the population growth. Throughout this laboratory evaluation, rates Continue reading...

Cardiovascular Quiz

Q1. What is the advantage of SELDI-TOF-MS based assays over conventional methods?
Surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight (SELDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) is advantageous over conventional methods as it can use endogenous synthetic substrates. Moreover, it has the ability to directly determine enzymatic peptide products. It is also a rapid, reproducible and sensitive method for the analysis of enzymatic activities of renin–angiotensin system (RAS).

Q2. What is the difference between carboxy peptidases and endopeptidases?

Carboxypeptidases are exopeptidases that are used to cleave (hydrolyze) amino acid residues from the carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) portion of proteins, whereas endopeptidases cleave amino acids from the nonterminal portion of proteins.

Q3. What are the biological activities of Ang (1-9) and Ang (1-7)?

Ang I cleavage results Continue reading...

Cell Biology

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the energy rich compound found in all living cells. Each ATP molecule is made up of adenosine, an organic molecule. A single adenosine molecule has three inorganic phosphates attached to it. ATP is synthesized in mitochondria of cells from respiratory substrates (mainly glucose) in a process known as respiration. This process occurs in three stages- glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport.
The first stage, glycolysis, takes place in cytoplasm of a cell. In this stage glucose is split forming two molecules of 3-carbon molecule called pyruvic acid. This process does not need oxygen to Continue reading...