Introduction
Quantitative studies often involve the manipulation or measurement of variables. A variable refers to an entity that takes on different values. Variables may be defined in various ways. For example, independent variables are manipulated by the environment and influence the dependent variable (Johnson, n.d). In contrast, researchers measure dependent variables but do not manipulate them. In the proposed study, the independent variable is the group of cancer patients while the dependent variable is the depressive symptoms that affect the patients. The BDI-FS measurement tool will analyze the dependent variable in the present study.
Sechrest (2005) has observed that the
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