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Experiment 1 (Drilling Fluid Mud Density)

Definition: The drilling fluid term refers to the technic used for facilitation of drilling boreholes, and to improve all necessary functions needed for a fine drilling.

Results:

Results:
(The weight of Mud *0.052)= Gradient of Mud in psi/ft.
(The weight of Mud in lb/ft3)/144=mud gradient in psi/ft.

Water:

(Mud gradient) 8.3*0.052 =0.432 psi/ft.
(Mud gradient) 64/144 =0.044 psi/ft.

Mud sample No1:

(Mud gradient) 9.13*0.052=0.475 psi/ft.
(Mud gradient) 69/144=0.480 psi/ft.

Mud sample 2:

(Mud gradient) 10*.052=0.520 psi/ft.
(Mud gradient) 76/144=0.530 psi/ft.

Calculation: For calculation of the Density and Mud gradient, the following formulas were used.

Density= (lb/gal)/ 8.345.
Mud gradient= (lb/gal)/ 19.24.

Volume and mass

Density:
Fresh Water: 8.3/8.345 = 1.0 (S.G)
Mud sample1: 9.13/8.345=1.1 (S.G)
Mud sample 2: 10/8.345=1.20 ( Continue reading...

Introduction

A car needs regular maintenance of which oil change is the utmost basic. Changing car oil is a simple practice that need not necessarily be done in the garage as it is easy to do from home.

The process

First, ensure that you have the tools or equipment needed for the job. This will enable you do the work fast and correctly. For example you need a new filter, a container over which to collect the runoff oil which you may decide to recycle, a wrench for the removal of the used filter oil, the correct oil for replacement, funnel, wrench, Continue reading...

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to discuss the different negative health effects of smoking. Included in the discussion are the effects of smoking on the lungs, heart, body cavities and airways, and on the overall health of a person. All in all, it can be summarized that smoking affects nearly every organ in the body and has been the cause of a wide variety of diseases and medical conditions not only in America but worldwide.
Every year, tobacco companies generate huge revenues selling cigarettes and other products that are derived from the tobacco plant to the public. And Continue reading...

Industrial Applications of Membrane Separation Processes

Abstract
Membrane separation processes are widely used in various industrial operations to separate the desired components from the mixture. The membrane that is used depends on the type of process employed in the system. The membrane also varies in size and materials. This paper focused on the industrial application of ultrafiltration, microfiltration, and pervaporation. Ultrafiltration is effectively used in recovery of milk proteins in whey and reduction of waste. The process of microfiltration is successfully use in solids removal and disinfection of wastewaster. Pervaporation shows good result in the removal of volatile organic compounds in contaminated water.

Introduction

Membrane separation Continue reading...

Introduction:

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems technology has been used in combination with OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) to come up powerful air-interface solutions for use in next-generation digital wireless communication. MIMO/OFDM technology has been adopted by different wireless standards such as Wi-Max, W-LAN (wireless local area networks), and 3G-LTE and 4G-LTE (third and fourth generation Long-Term Evolution) mobile technology. This is because MIMO/OFDM-based channels offer high data transmission rates over multiple paths and frequency selective fading channels (Kakadiya, Solanki, Hadia & Rathod, 2013).

How Adaptive algorithms work with MIMO/OFDM:

Mechanism of work:
Channel estimation in MIMO-OFDM systems is a difficult task due to frequent changes in channel Continue reading...

Individuals will set goals and develop plans for their achievement. Critical to this achievement of goals is belief in oneself. As such, belief in oneself is attained by focusing on positive messages and using previous success as a source of encouragement to achieve more. Additionally, confidence is important to fulfill the goals set.

Principle 2: Prepare

Preparation is the difference between average performance and outstanding performance. Learning activity is improved through preparation of study environment, attitude, and focus.

Principle 3: Organize Yourself and Your work

Plans are important to achieve the organization in the work. The challenge is developing an adequate plan. As such to develop simple plans, one Continue reading...

Introduction

As opposed to continuous time capacitor circuits in analog signal processing, Switched Capacitor (SC) circuits find wide range of applications in discrete time signal processing. These circuits function by charging and discharging capacitors with the help of switches to provide flow of charge in desired direction. SC filters are embedded in integrated circuits due to their inherent temperature and voltage characteristics.

A typical SC circuit is equivalent to a discrete time resistance. Consider a simple example of a SC circuit:

Clock pulses are applied on switches to perform transition between two voltage sources shown in the figure. It is made sure that the clock pulses don’t overlap so that the voltage sources are not short circuited. It Continue reading...

Home Humidifiers are devices that help in keeping the atmosphere at home humid or moist. The household humidifier raises the humidity in a safe, water vapor help in making the home comfortable and healthy. The process of Humidification adds moisture to the air and hence making indoor comfortable. The humidifier appliances force moisture into the household air in the form of mist that is not visible. Different types of home humidifier have different ways of humidifying the air in peoples’ home. For an example, an evaporative home humidifier uses an internal fan to pull air into the unit and Continue reading...

Abstract

Coal is known as the main contributor to the rapid development of human civilizations. It is considered as one of the most essential rocks due to its economic and industrial value. However, research indicates that coal is a complex source of pollutants which include several severely harming pollutants. The process of burning coal has been the main cause of the worsening of pollution all over the globe. Coal burning emits minerals and substances that are hazardous and severely damages the air, water, and soil. This research includes an in-depth overview of coal as a source of energy, the pollutants Continue reading...

Orbital Considerations

ELEC 4504 Avionics Technical Report
Assignment #1
1.0 Introduction
The purpose of this report is to investigate how spacecrafts determine their location. The two main parameters required to obtain a spacecraft’s position are its orbit and its attitude, this report will focus more on orbit determination. An objects attitude is a measurement of the object’s position measured relative to a designated object or an inertial reference, attitude motion measures the objects rotational motion about its mass centre. The orbit of an object can be described as the curved path it follows around a point in space due Continue reading...