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Communication Security (ComSec)

INTRODUCTION
Communication security is an important section of modern telecommunication systems where signal intelligences and other methods are used to provide secure communication among peers to be connected. Signal intelligence falls into the category of cryptography where the encrypted signal is collected and analyzed for propagating secure communication. This research work will explain the requirements of communication security and will discuss how signal intelligence can be used in communication security. These solutions can be used practically in communication security of the military services.
Signal intelligence is introduced and evolved by military services where signals from foreign communication systems are Continue reading...

System Circuit Analysis and Design an Integrated Operation Amplifier

Introduction
The amazing device called operational amplifier (op-amp) is a solid state IC which has the abilities to use external feedback to control its operations. As one of the most versatile device in the state-of-art solid state electronics technology till date, op-amp has been used with several different and remarkable functions. Apart from its use as a high gain amplifier, it has been typically used to device analog computers, various amplification requirements where high gain is required, cmos, short circuit protection, low input current frequency compensation and a myriad of different functionalities.
Equally interesting has been the evolution of Continue reading...

[Marketing Strategies of Unilever]

Executive Summary

In this competitive business world, marketing play a vital role in any organization. The key two principle of marketing are to attract customers in the business and manage them actively to retain them. Unilever is the leading company in UK, having head quarter in London which is serving the people around the world over eight decades. Unilever has many famous brands of food, home care and personal care to serve with. The personal care brands include AXE, Bryl cream, Dove, Fissan, Lifebuoy, Lux, Ponds, Radox, Rexona, Signal and Close up, Simple, ST IVES, Sunsilk, Tresemme, Continue reading...

Introduction:

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems technology has been used in combination with OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) to come up powerful air-interface solutions for use in next-generation digital wireless communication. MIMO/OFDM technology has been adopted by different wireless standards such as Wi-Max, W-LAN (wireless local area networks), and 3G-LTE and 4G-LTE (third and fourth generation Long-Term Evolution) mobile technology. This is because MIMO/OFDM-based channels offer high data transmission rates over multiple paths and frequency selective fading channels (Kakadiya, Solanki, Hadia & Rathod, 2013).

How Adaptive algorithms work with MIMO/OFDM:

Mechanism of work:
Channel estimation in MIMO-OFDM systems is a difficult task due to frequent changes in channel Continue reading...

VANET

1. Introduction
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, abbreviated as VANET, is a system where vehicles like cars have the possibility of digitally communicating with one another, and communicating with a stationary object, for example a building or a traffic light. These communications are of short-range types. Concretely, the three types of communications provided in VANET are: inter-vehicle communication, vehicle-to-roadside communication and inter-roadside communication. In all these communications, there are no usage of a base station or any additional dedicated infrastructure like an access point to facilitate the digital communications. This is a unique property of VANET.
Through VANET, vehicles may Continue reading...

Positive Bold fMRI Response in Neuroimaging

Positive Bold fMRI Response in Neuroimaging and its Relation to Neural Activity
Introduction
Some research suggests that functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals result from an indirect measure of neural activity. Interpreting these signals allows making deductions about the nervous system and requires some understanding of the signaling mechanisms according to Logothetis and Wandell (2004). The following academic discourse explores, reviews, and describes the literature aligned with the focus of this subject identifying research variable outcomes.

About Positive Bold fMRI Response

As a part of cognitive neuroscience, the fMRI proves a revolutionized aspect in the last decade. The process is a coupling of the Continue reading...

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Abstract

DC motor consists of a stator which generates magnetic field and a rotor. In this lab-report PMDC motor is considered which generates electro-magnetic field through the permanent magnet. As far as the control systems are concerned there are 2 basic control systems Open Loop and closed Loop. Any time, the closed loop systems are considered better, however with partially degraded performance. The object of this lab is therefore to ascertain the efficacy of closed loop systems and Continue reading...

Introduction

As opposed to continuous time capacitor circuits in analog signal processing, Switched Capacitor (SC) circuits find wide range of applications in discrete time signal processing. These circuits function by charging and discharging capacitors with the help of switches to provide flow of charge in desired direction. SC filters are embedded in integrated circuits due to their inherent temperature and voltage characteristics.

A typical SC circuit is equivalent to a discrete time resistance. Consider a simple example of a SC circuit:

Clock pulses are applied on switches to perform transition between two voltage sources shown in the figure. It is made sure that the clock pulses don’t overlap so that the voltage sources are not short circuited. It Continue reading...

Introduction

One of the systems of the body is the muscular system which is has a specific function of either contracting or shortening (Seeley et al 2008). The muscular system has three types namely the skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is a type of muscle tissue that allows movement of the body. Muscle contraction is defined as the process where in muscle fibers produce tension or action potential frequency when there is an interaction among different contractile proteins or sliding of actin over myosin myofilaments which is controlled by the nervous system. Action potential frequency is defined as Continue reading...

Introduction

The five organs of the human body associated with sense are the eyes, nose, ears, tongue and skin. These organs sense all kinds of external stimuli to the body through receptors and send the input information to the brain, and the body responds quickly as per the direction of the brain. All these sense organs have sensory receptors, and on activation the receptors send electrochemical signals to neurons attached to them. The electrochemical signals, through a network of neurons, reach the brain where the information is processed. The body’s internal communication network is called the nervous system, and Continue reading...