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Abstract:

The main purpose of conduction the photosynthesis experiment was to carry out paper chromatography in order to determine the pigments involved in photosynthesis. Secondly, the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll was determined in order to determine the wavelengths useful in photosynthesis. Third, the experiment aimed at examining chloroplasts utilizing the Hill reaction. Lastly, the relationship between light, photosynthesis, and chloroplasts was to be investigated. This would help in providing insight into the electron transport and carbon fixation phases of photosynthesis. Paper chromatography was used to separate pigments in plants. Xanthophyll was found to travel the fastest. The absorption spectrum of Continue reading...

Constant head permeability test for sand

Objective of this experiment is to determine coefficient of permeability of sand by Constant head permeability test.

Description of Soil Samples:

The soil, used in the lab experiment, was coarse sand. The sand was dry, light whitish pink in color and there was no smell.

Description of Test Methodology:

Constant head permeameter, a graduated cylinder (250 cc or 500 cc), Balance- sensitive up to 0.1 g, Thermometer - sensitive up to 0.1 degree C, Rubber tubing and Stop watch were used in this experiment. At first weight of the plastic specimen tube, the porous stones, the spring, and the two rubber stoppers (W1) were taken. Then the Continue reading...

Phase I: Introduction Dementia is an illness that continually affects many families. Due to the need for intensive care, especially for patients with advanced state dementia, many families opt for nursing homes. Nursing homes can offer the much need care and attention to the needs of the patient. Nursing homes also offer skilled end-of-life care for the patients, hence the choice of the option for many families. As a nurse, I have a profession interest in the care of patients with advanced stage dementia. My interest is fueled by the need to ensure that people with advance stage dementia Continue reading...

A Process Analysis Essay

A Process Analysis Essay
The pedal bicycle has been around for many, many years, ever since Da Vinci imagined the wonderful instrument for transportation and recreation. Even though it is a rather simple instrument when compared to other modes of transportation, there are still a few things that are necessary to understand in order to have a bicycle function properly. The most important, perhaps, is the ability to change a flat tire when the need arises.
Changing a flat tire is not a difficult task, but it is very important not only for regular maintenance, but also for on Continue reading...

Introduction

Atoms are those constituents of all the matters which are the smallest. Atoms are the main part of the element and the different elements have different atoms. Atoms also contain the sub-atomic particles. Among these sub-atomic particles, the three particles hold the significant importance and therefore are studied more. These sub-atomic particles includes proton, neutron and electron. The elements that are different possess different atoms in terms of difference in the number of these sub-atomic particles. Consequently, the number of subatomic particles in an atom is the basis for the characterization of the atoms elements containing the atoms. Most Continue reading...

Abstract

Three tests were made on the kerosene sample: (a) determining hydrogen content by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance [NMR], (b) determination of viscosity by U-tube viscometer, and (c) flash point determination by Pensky-Marten closed-cup tester. Results suggest that the kerosene sample has 13.73% hydrogen content, 7.706 mm2/s kinematic viscosity at -20°C (extrapolated using Sutherland Viscosity Law), and 52-53°C flash point. These parameters characterized the kerosene sample as aviation fuel in terms of heating value, degree of saturation, pressure drop in fuel lines, pumping characteristics and safe handling. All parameters passed the standards derived from aviation literature. These parameters could Continue reading...

Breathing is one of the main processes that sustain life. The termination of it, even for a short time, leads to the rapid demise of the body from oxygen deficiency - hypoxia. 'Cricoid pressure is a vital skill that should be performed during resuscitation with bag and mask and emergency tracheal intubation' (Hein, Owen, 2005). The virtuos skills, which are required to ensure the airway, are the integral part of the skills of every anesthesiologist. The anatomy of the upper respiratory tract, equipment and procedures of the airway management, as well as the complications of laryngoscopy, intubation and extubation Continue reading...

Diffusion, osmosis, and functional significance of biological membranes

Abstract
Diffusion is the process in which substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. If a semipermeable membrane is involved in this movement then this process is known as Osmosis. Semipermeable membrane is any biological membrane in the body that is selectively permeable. These membranes protect the cell from external environment. These are also involved in the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. This movement of molecules result in the differences in concentration until an equilibrium is established. In this research, we have done experiments on Elodea cells to Continue reading...

PEME2010

Summary
The experiment is meant to study the carbon dioxide absorption process in a packed tower mechanism column. The pressure performance of a packed column was determined experimentally. The calculations shoed that the pressure difference between the top and bottom part of the column is directly proportional to air flow rate; as the water flow rate increases, the pressure difference increases as well. However, at high water and air flow rates, the column flooding appears. The rate of carbon dioxide absorption was calculated. It was determined, that absorption increased carbon dioxide concentration by 80%.

Introduction

Gas absorption is an industrial Continue reading...

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Introduction

A motorcycle suspension system helps in dual manner – support the vehicle brake and maintain the balance. This directly translates in to the bike’s safety and provides suitable comfort and balance to the rider. The function of the suspension system is to absorb the shocks while handling, breaking or while simply riding on the road. The vibrations caused while running the vehicle are ‘dampened’. Thus, the name ‘vibrations damper’ for the shock absorbers. The rear suspension, also called “rising-rate” is popularly used in motorcycle design and manufacturing. Here the wheel is suspended by Continue reading...

The Paradox on Passing a Law Legalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide

Introduction
What can a physician, treating a patient with no less than one percent of recovery do when begged to end his or her life? We have heard of euthanasia, where a person, forced to continue his or her suffering, seeks mercy killing. While a number of states in the U.S have finally approved euthanasia, what do patients undergoing similar medical conditions do when their states treat euthanasia illegal? While there is a continuous need to change policies affecting healthcare in the United States, one controversial issue that continues to cause uproar in this country is the end of Continue reading...

Foundation Course – Name

Nature knows best. Humankind has fashioned technology to improve upon nature,
but such change in a natural system is likely to be detrimental to that system.

Barry Commoner, The Closing Circle, 1971, New York.

Introduction
London traffic problems are known all over the world, while travel time in a rush hour may increase dramatically. Rapid increase in London population has provoked an overall drastic shift from private transportation to public transport means, cycling and walking. Increase of public transport popularity has achieved 44% compared to 33% of public transport usage in 2012. Cycling is getting more popular in London with each year mainly due to extreme transportation Continue reading...

Nowadays, classical music and music from the beginning of the 20th century are very popular and many people due to this fact become familiar with such styles as jazz, blues, art music etc. There are plenty of very famous and successful bands around the world; however, there is one that deserves to mention.
First of all it is essential to mention, who is the performer. Parov Stellar – is a very famous and successful band that performs jazz and nu-jazz, showing a magnificent level of talent, artistry and ability to work with right instruments. This band has many beautiful and Continue reading...

I recently watched two documentaries on whale sharks. The first, “Ocean Wanderers: The Whale Sharks of Qatar” and “Whale Sharks” made by the BBC. The other, “Natural World Documentary: Whale Shark”. Both documentaries examine the behaviors of these beautiful and rare creatures. Whale sharks are the largest fish in the oceans but are also the most mysterious. Research on whale sharks, their behaviors and the impact of the environment on them has been scarce until recent years.

“Ocean Wanderers: The Whale Sharks of Qatar”

Oil Rigs
Whale sharks are drawn to the oil rigs of Qatar and the Ministry of the Environment is concerned but whale Continue reading...

Google is an online search engine based in California but with branches worldwide. The company was founded and developed by Sergey Brin and Larry Page, two computer graduates from Stanford University in 1996. The company was initially named Backrub but later changed to Google, a name that was adopted from the word googol meaning a numerical number one which is followed by a hundred zeros. This name was influenced by the founders’ core mission of making infinite information available to the internet users. The success story of Google has evolved from a small search engine company operating in a Continue reading...

Abstract

The case of Terri Schiavo may be tragic but provides a valuable insight into the ethical compliance of the healthcare industry. Not only this case provides a valuable lesson to students on healthcare ethics, but also gives them a perception regarding law and social morality. From the legal perspective, Terri’s case was a straightforward one. However, biased media coverage generated a public outrage, and the biased mass opinion formed on the basis of the biased media publications completely changed the color of the case. This media bias was further fuelled by the involvement of eminent politicians. However, Terri Continue reading...

Objective: Investigate the effect of increasing temperature on enzyme activity.

Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalyst. All most all the functions in the cell are regulated by these enzymes. Except for RNAase, all most all the enzymes are proteins. Enzymes are very efficient and specific in the reaction they catalyze. All enzymes exhibit four common features: I. Enzymes do not make a reaction to occur; they can only fasten the reaction rate. II. Enzyme molecule is not permanently altered by the reaction, though they may be altered transiently. However at the end of the reaction they emerged unchanged and can be used over and over again. III. Enzyme can catalyze Continue reading...

ADVANCED LIFE SUPPORT AIRWAYS

Advanced life support as we understand is the next step to basic life support which is aimed at securing the circulation and the respiratory airways a step ahead than the basic life support in an effort to revive a sinking patient. The need of advanced life support arises when the basic life support measures have been administered and further steps are required to ensure that the patient is safe from any further dangers that may be life threatening to him. The steps involved in the Advanced life support procedures comprises of both cardiac and respiratory measures. The procedures involved Continue reading...

Deafness is an audio logical disability where the individual has no power to perceiving sound. In reality, deafness is viewed as a disparity in human experience rather than a disability. They are two types of deafness described by the physicians that is, those born naturally without ability to perceive sound who also become dumb and those who lose their ability to hear later in their lives. However, just like any other disability, deafness is recognized by the United Nation Convention on the Rights of person with Disabilities under the article 30. They are granted equal rights just like any Continue reading...

Purpose: To learn about the hydrogen and water reaction mechanism by trapping one of the reaction intermediates, hydrogen peroxide, in a hydrogen flame through a quick cooling before it is degraded. Hydrogen peroxide, the reaction intermediate, can be measured with permanganate in acidic solution.

All glassware, stir rod, and test tubes were cleaned and dried before the experiment. Potassium permanganate solution (1.26 10-4 M KMnO4) filled a 20 mL buret. The experimental setup consisted of a buret with a ring stand, and a small beaker was placed below. A solution of sulfuric acid 2.0 M H2SO4 was added to Continue reading...

The country of Saudi Arabia is a desert country . Therefore, it does not contain any river or lakes. A very little rainfall is the only water they get in the year. Consequently, the water shortage is the problem faced by the country, and this resource seems to be significant for them. On the other hand, the elevation in the population of the country demands more water resources and hence, the need for water is simultaneously increasing.
Correspondingly, the country has developed the ideas and ways in order to provide the sufficient water to the people. Saudi Arabia contains the Continue reading...

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]

Experiment 1: Preparation of Sodium Peroxoborate

Introduction
Sodium peroxoborate (Sodium perborate) finds a heavy usage as a bleaching agent in the detergent industry. This reagent comes with an advantage of low toxicity and a long shelf life. It is also a good substitute in organic synthesis for hydrogen peroxide solutions, which are highly concentrated, unstable and thus, pose great explosion hazards (Brotherton, 1994).
It is available as a crystalline reagent as a hydrate with a general formula: NaBO3 • n H2O. The chemical structure of the compound is as follows:
This experiment is Continue reading...

Introduction The Middle Passage could be said to have been the most horrendous phase of the Atlantic Slave Trade. This is the part where the African slaves were transported from the western coasts of Africa toward the Americas. Eyewitness accounts and information provided by evidence-based documentaries are all in unison on the conditions encountered and survived through by the slaves throughout the 60-90 day voyage across the Atlantic.
Discussion Conditions aboard ships carrying slaves from Africa to the Americas on the Atlantic Slave Trade were appalling. The new slaves had no control over their own lives. As stated in Continue reading...

Reducing sugars are sugar molecules that have a free ketone or aldehyde group. All monosaccharide are reducing sugars. Disaccharides and polysaccharides can be reducing or non reducing. Sucrose is a non reducing sugar disaccharide. The C1 of the glucosyl unit is linked to the C2 of the fructosyl unit by a glycosidic bond to form sucrose. Since the reducing groups of C1 and C2 are involved in the glycosidic bond, sucrose is a non reducing sugar. Maltose on the other hand is a reducing sugar. The C1 of the sugar glucose is linked to C4 of another glucose by Continue reading...

Experiment conducted on [overtype date of experiment here]

Lab Group Number: [Overtype your lab group number here]

List of Tables 2

List of Figures 2
List of Appendices 2
Summary 3
Chapter 1 Introduction 4
Notes on writing the report 4
Notes on using the template 4
Chapter 2 Apparatus and experimental procedure 6
ApParatus 6
Experimental Procedure 6
Chapter 3 Calculations and results 8
Chapter 4 Analysis and Discussion 9
Chapter 5 Conclusion 11

References 12

List of Tables
List of Figures
Figure 1.1 This is figure title style 5
List of Appendices
Appendix A Title of Appendix A
Summary
The aim of the experiment was to use Bernoulli’s Theorem to Continue reading...

Abstract

The aim of the experiment that is being conducted is to get an understanding of the working of free and forced vortices. From the experiment, the values that were obtained from the experiment were in tandem with the theoretical knowledge that the experiment wanted to test. In the experiment, the value of the free vortex was k constants that was of values 0.003 and 0.002 for the two runs that were conducted in the experiment. The expectations of the profiles were found to be in tandem with what is normally met in theory. Because of the matching of the Continue reading...

I always spend a few weeks of each summer at my Grandparents house. It is fun because it is an old house with three floors, a scary basement and an attic full of old stuff.
My Grandmother always tells me “Jorge, stay out of the attic, the wood is rotten and there is too much dust up there, you will get sick.” Sometimes I sneak up there anyway, because I like to look at my grandfathers old things from when he was in the military.
Today I was looking for an old suitcase full of old stamps. My foot Continue reading...

Introduction

Research has always been the way out for the human race. Trying to get meaning out of every puzzle that life has served us on plate. That has been the endeavors that everyone seems to pursue once given chance to roam free. The answers are the key. Similarly, in science, answers have a lot of weight and are the guidelines of how one will perceive the world around. In Medicine, study of the human body from physiological measurements as small as cells to the entire body. To understand the body cell by cell in a step-by-step approach may just Continue reading...

Home Humidifiers are devices that help in keeping the atmosphere at home humid or moist. The household humidifier raises the humidity in a safe, water vapor help in making the home comfortable and healthy. The process of Humidification adds moisture to the air and hence making indoor comfortable. The humidifier appliances force moisture into the household air in the form of mist that is not visible. Different types of home humidifier have different ways of humidifying the air in peoples’ home. For an example, an evaporative home humidifier uses an internal fan to pull air into the unit and Continue reading...

The topic I have chosen for this research project is tornadoes. Specifically, what causes tornadoes and how can people be better protected from them? This topic will include both an earth science and applied science view. The topic is relevant because of the high number of tornadoes that occur in the Midwest
My working is thesis is what are the atmospheric and climate conditions that cause the formation of tornadoes and what can be done to better protect people from them? The topic is significant because tornadoes are one of the most destructive forces experienced in the Midwest United Continue reading...

HOW ROBOT AFFECTS HUMANS

The emerging technologies in Medical Robotics usher a new future with their innovative surgical procedures and safer surgeries for human beings. The human conditions that relate to the nervous system, nervous system, heart, and other diseases are diagnosed and treated with minimal precision. Robotics in the field of medicine can minimize limitations of professionals such as limited visibility and perception of depth. The benefit of medical robotics is that they work with precision with no error. They can perform invasive surgeries with small incisions. They are steady untiring instruments that one can control through voice or remote control. An Continue reading...

Kidneys exert well in purifying the blood and at the similar time preserving the body in constancy. But some circumstances, normally at hand at the time of birth, do incredible damage to this complicated sieving system. Renal dysplasia ( kidney dysplasia) means that a kidney does not fully develop in the womb. The infectious kidney does not have regular purpose – which means that it does not work as good as a standard kidney. It is typically smaller than standard one, and may have some abnormal openings or cavities, which are like pouches full with fluid.  Renal dysplasia may be singled Continue reading...

The journal article was written to provide an overview of solar water heating (SWH) technology which include the basic principle and theory of thermodynamics, applications of these principles and theories, effectiveness of SWH in providing energy, market potentials for
SWH technology and potential research questions to improve existing technology. Furthermore, the article also outlines the importance of SWH as one of the economical renewable energy scenarios.
The introduction section of this article presents the facts of fossil fuel as the primary source (80%-90% of energy usage) to date, and clearly discusses the potential setbacks and effects of fossil Continue reading...

An assessment of the economic impact of the 2012 Olympics on London

Introduction
In July 2005, the IOC (the International Olympic Committee), voted to award the rights to the 2012 Olympics to London. This announcement was the culmination of a bid placed by the Organizing Committee for these games, under the stewardship of Lord Sebastian Coe (Oxford Economics, 2012, pp. 5-38). Founded by Baron de Coubertin in 1896, the Olympics take place every four years and are singularly the world’s largest sporting event (Horne & Whannel, 2012, p. 12). This announcement thus gave the city a 7-year window in which to prepare to host the world. Consequently, London was able to Continue reading...

Introduction

The complement system is a complex set of proteins that are constantly present in the blood. This cascade system of proteolytic enzymes intended for humoral defense against the action of foreign agents, it participates in the immune response. It is an important component of both the innate and adaptive immune system.
The complement system functions as a cascade of biochemical reactions. Complement is activated by three biochemical pathways: classical, lectin and alternative way. All three ways are produce different versions of activation C3-convertase (a protein that cleaves C3). The classic way (it was opened first, but is a new Continue reading...

Introduction on Medical Conditions

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]
[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]
Introduction on Medical Conditions

Introduction

With the advancement of the modern medicine people have discovered more medial disorders and conditions that were unknown in older time. The advance treatment options, critical care, antibiotics and surgical advancements are very helpful in tackling such diseases.
Nowadays, information is available on causes, symptoms and signs, pathophysiology, anatomical abnormalities and genetic designs of every diseases and causative organisms. Vaccinations and prophylaxis measures are also available to prevent most disease.
This paper gives Continue reading...

When used in a manner that is not controlled, ionization radiation emanating from radio-active sources or x-rays can be harmful to the uses. The damage from ionization radiation is not only harmful to the person they are exposed to, but also to their descendants through the inherited effects. Ionization radiation is used for medical purposes because of its colossal benefits to the patients for the purposes of nuclear medicine and diagnostic radiology, ionization radiations are extremely invaluable. This is because they allow for the treatment of illnesses such as cancer and the detection of various medical conditions. Due to Continue reading...

Carl Zimmer “Seeing X Chromosomes in a New Light” nytimes.com JAN. 20, 2014 2
Alexandra Sifferlin  “Human Emotions Are Not as Complex as We Thought”. Time.com Feb. 5, 2014 6
Alexandra Sifferlin. “Humans and Dogs Process Emotions Similarly”. Time.com. Feb. 21, 2014 7
Nicholas Wade. “Researchers See New Importance in Y Chromosome”. nytimes.com. APRIL 23, 2014 8
P. Nash Jenkins   “Squid Protein: Our Best Defense Against Chemical Weapons?”. Time.com. June 17, 2014 10
KIM TINGLEY “The Brave New World of Three-Parent I.V.F.”. nytimes.com. JUNE 27, 2014 11
Kate Lunau “Mackenzee Wittke, a five-year-old Alberta girl with the body of Continue reading...

Immunoprecipitation of Activated MAP Kinase

Abstract
MAP Kinases are protein kinases which have many roles in different biological processes. MAP Kinase ERK1/2 can be phosphorylated by another protein kinase at two amino acid residues and is involved in phosphorylating other target proteins. The following laboratory experiment examines the phosphorylation of MAP Kinase ERK1/2 from rat muscle cells under stimulating (in the presence of insulin) and inhibitory (in the presence of PD98059) conditions. Phosphorylated forms of MAP Kinase were detected by immunoprecipitation using an antibody that is specific for phosphotyrosine, followed by immunoblot analysis. The results of this experiment are discussed.

Introduction

MAP Kinases, also known Continue reading...

Introduction

Laryngeal cancer is cancer of the larynx (voice box, vocal cords, or other areas of the throat. Laryngeal carcinoma is the second most common malignancy of the neck and head and the eleventh most common form of cancer among men over the world (Chu and Kim, 2008). The larynx is responsible for the respiration, phonation, and deglutition while it also contributes to smell and taste by allowing the air to move over the special sense organs. Therefore, loss of laryngeal function directly affects swallowing and speech (Chu and Kim, 2008).
In 2011, there were more than 89,000 people Continue reading...

Introduction

Body cells are surrounded by plasma membrane that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cells. Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable. Consequently, it can only allow certain substances to move across it into the cells or out of the cell. Three main processes are involved in the movement of substances across the plasma membrane: diffusion, active transport, and osmosis. Diffusion refers to the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient (Chiras, 1999). However, there are two main types of diffusion: Simple and facilitated diffusion. In simple diffusion, molecules pass through the semi permeable membrane without assistance. Continue reading...

Abstract

In the laboratory assignment, the experimental investigation of the distillation process is performed. The mixture of dichloromethane and trichloroethylene was separated using the glass distillation column. The influence of power input on temperatures and column flow rate was investigated. Apparently, the power input increases the efficiency of the process. The experiment had three main tasks: study of the variation of the pressure drop, application of refractometer as an express method of binary mixture composition analysis, and estimation of the column efficiency.
It has been proven that the boil-up rate is directly proportional to pressure drop. Although there is some Continue reading...