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Questions: The New Imperialism in the Nineteenth Century and the Ottoman and Russian Empires

Chapter 25
The Ottoman Empire dominated the Middle East and North Africa during a period between 1500 and 1700, prior and following which its territorial domains were much smaller.
Vienna has long been considered by the Ottoman Empire as a highly strategic point of trade due to its access to the northern, southern, eastern and western parts of Europe, hence its strong desire to occupy it. The Austrians, under the Holy Roman Empire, were assisted by the German States and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

Reforms in education and technology proved necessary for the Ottoman Empire during the early 1700s, not Continue reading...

The Ottoman Empire, which began as a small Turkish state in Asia Minor during the downfall of the Seljuk Turks, started to emerge as one of the most powerful empires of the world. During the reign of powerful kings, such as Osman I, Orkhan, Beyazid I and Murad I, the Ottoman Empire began to expand at the cost of the great Byzantine Empire, Serbia and Bulgaria. Bursa and Adrianople became the capitals of the Ottoman Empire after their downfall in 1326 and 1361 respectively. The most famous and important victories of the Ottoman Empire, which include the Kosovo Field Continue reading...

Arguably, the United States acted differently when interacting with the Middle Eastern states compared to the manner in which other European colonial powers interacted with the same states. The current readings offer immense evidence, which support the notions that the United States acted differently during its early involvement in the Middle East. Yilmaz (2014, pg. 9) article “Turkish-American Relations, 1800-1952: Between the Stars, Stripes and the Crescent” offers a critical analysis of how the United States acted differently with the Ottoman Empire. Precisely, the relationships that the United States forged with the Ottoman Empire of the Middle East was Continue reading...

Napoleon Bonaparte was a young military officer when he began his rise to power during the French Revolution. In 1804, following a series of military victories, he was granted the title of emperor and extended French rule over much of Europe. The Russian Empire, led by the Romanov dynasty, developed as a firm power as a result of a peace treaty with the Swedish in 1721, as well a series of military victories. The Ottoman Empire solidly came into being with the defeat of the last Byzantine emperor in Constantinople by Mehmed II.
Napoleon’s victories, resulting in land Continue reading...

Arab nationalism is secular ideology that asserts the existence of a single Arab nation, united by a common culture and area of residence (the Arab world), and putting one of its main objectives the removal of foreign (primarily Western) political and cultural influence in the life of the Arabs. This ideology has been widely developed during the reign of Egyptian President Gamal Nasser in the 1950s and 1960s. This ideology has rapidly seized the minds of the Arabs in the Middle East getting more and more popular in different spheres of the society of the Arab world and has Continue reading...

Introduction

The Byzantine Empire was one of the few great states, date of establishment and the collapse of which are known to mankind with great accuracy. Date of foundation of the empire causes some discussion. This could be, for example, the day on November 8 in 324, in which the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great founded his new residence - the city of Constantinople. Or it could be May, 11, 330 - in the day of the official ceremony of consecration of Constantinople as the new capital of the Roman Empire. There are other options also exist. But the date Continue reading...

The name Third World Countries started at the onset of the Cold War, and it was used to refer to countries that had no affiliations with the East or the West (NATO). The East refers to nations that promoted and adopted the communist ideas and economic policies. However, the end of the cold in the early 1990s after the separation of the Soviet Union led to the use of the name in a different context. Today, the name refers to countries that have not optimized their potential in terms of their political development and maturity. These are developing countries Continue reading...

How do we define Middle East? Is that definition based on shared culture recognized and defined by the people of the region, and/or the Western World? Can you explain the role of Islam in that process?
Historically Middle East a region known to be the parent of the world’s three religions; Judaism, Christianity and Islam. It has possessed great Empires such as the Ottoman Empire and it was a place where people gathered for meeting four to five hundred years ago. Islam has mostly contributed to its development and most of it is ruled by Islam. The adhering Continue reading...

Development of philosophical thought is determined by the current historical realities, which represent the basic concepts of political doctrines of individual authors. In this paper, we try to create a single chain of three fundamental concepts of political philosophers Niccolo Machiavelli and Thomas Hobbes. By means of recourse to history, we will try to show what events in the political life of Italy and England was the basis for the individual items of the above philosophies thinkers. An analysis of what the early ideas about the concept of the state, about its structure, the rights of citizens and the Continue reading...

Biblical Archaeology

Thomas Edward Lawrence was born on August 15, 1888 in North Wales. The marriage of his parents was not consecrated by church, so a child was illegitimate. This "shameful" from the point of view of Victorian morality fact left the imprint throughout the life of Lawrence. Ironically, this boy born out of wedlock has become known all over the world, and glorified not aristocratic name of the father, but unremarkable mother's surname. His father has the means, not exceeding the income of craftsman. The first eight years of life, Lawrence lived wandering around Scotland and Britain. Wanderings casually brought Continue reading...