An arrhythmia is any heart rhythm that is different from the normal sinus rhythm that is controlled by the heart’s atrioventricular (AV) node (Lévy & Olshanksy, 2013). The AV node, located in the upper portion of the right atrium, contains specialized cells that participate in automaticity of the cardiac muscle; the cells of the AV node control the rhythm of the heart on their own by releasing specific action potentials (Lévy & Olshanksy, 2013).
Patients present with symptoms that are common in other disorders, such as heart palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness, syncope, chest discomfort, dyspnea, high blood pressure, and
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