Free Essays on Tissue to Get Inspired & Learn by Example

Criminal Law

Tissue Banking Scope
According to Suh, Sarojini & Youssif (2013, p.2), tissue banking refers to the collection of human biological material (HBM) that can be used for future research.
It is important that the consent of the person is obtained prior to the collection of his or her HBM and later on transferred to a tissue bank for storage and future research use (Suh, et al., 2013).
However, the transfer of HBM to a tissue bank will also have to comply with the mandatory requirements under the state law or regulation.

Tissue banking is important in order to provide foundation for future research for personalized cure for cancer.

Tissue banks played a role in identifying bioinformatics and Continue reading...

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Regenerative medicine is not a new engineering and as suggested by science it has not just originated out of stem cells. Years of research has been induced in understanding the history of regeneration, its developments, and how regeneration helps in advance study of developments and its practical applications in medicine. The present research and development of these regenerative medicines is now a multi-billion dollar industry, and treatments using this engineering costs a fortune. Scientists are currently looking Continue reading...

Introduction

Periodontal illnesses, dental caries, malocclusion and oral tumor are among the most common dental maladies influencing individuals worldwide and also in India. Various types of periodontal infections influence children, adolescents and the young adults.4Periodontaldiseases incorporate a gathering of unending provocative maladies that influence the periodontal supporting tissues of teeth and envelop dangerous and nondestructive ailments. Chronic periodontitis is the most well-known type of damaging periodontal ailment. Aggressive Periodontitis envelops quickly dynamic type of periodontitis. Two different gatherings of ruinous periodontal illness exist, including periodontitis as a sign of systemic ailments and necrotizing periodontal infections. Pervasiveness is characterized as the Continue reading...

There are several hypotheses and theories that suggest that the occurrence of maternal obesity has adverse outcomes for the offspring’s health in the later life. Human and animal studies have shown evidence that indicate that obesity in mothers increases the offspring’s risk of developing obesity. With the varied evidence, it is necessary for maternal obesity is curbed in the bud to lower the risk of offspring becoming obese in their later lives.
Maternal obesity or excessive maternal nutrition may lead to obesity and obesity-related disease in offspring later in life. Overweight or obesity is an accumulation of Continue reading...

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Abstract

Breast cancer is the form of cancer that develops in the breast tissue. It is usually represented by lump/s in the breast, dimpling and red scaly patch of the skin, change in the shape of breast, swelling in the armpit, and fluid coming from the nipple. There are different types of breast cancer, and the most important aspect of different cancers is the presence or absence of different receptors that are involved in the development or growth of cancer. Three important types of receptors that are related to breast cancer cells are Oestrogen receptor (ER) involving oestrogen, Progesterone Continue reading...

Obesity and Diabetes

1. “Explain why parabiosis of a lean control and an ob/ob mouse caused partial normalization of the body weight in ob/ob mutant mouse?”

The parabiosis of an ob/ob mouse and lean mouse results in:

Increase weight gain in ob/ob mouse
Decrease food uptake of pair
Increase survival of pair for months
The above mentioned effects appear due to the production of a factor named as Leptin that is produced by normal mouse but in a very low concentration that is not sufficient for the body. The ob/ob mouse has receptors to attach this factor but as the amount of leptin is very low, as compared to db/db mutant mouse, it Continue reading...

Kim DarDashian’s family has been circus performers for as long as she could remember. Called the “Fantastic Family of Flimsy Freaks”, Kim and her family often bent themselves into various positions that seemed unnatural to most yet the DarDashian family could do it with ease.
Kim recently dislocated her elbow. When the doctor asked how the injury occurred, Kim seemed truly baffled and stated that she was “just trying to lift up the salt shaker”. Assuming Kim was not being forthcoming in her answers for some unknown reason the doctor treated the dislocation and sent her on her Continue reading...

Introduction

Atherosclerosis is a continuum of lesions caused by the deposits of cholesterol in the arterial wall, which is favored by the circulating oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (Adelmann, 2011). The genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis is associated with specific genes or certain gene variants. The platelet glycoprotein IIIa is viewed to be a prothrombotic predisposing factor among those with a family history of premature myocardial infarction. This genetic predisposition to atherosclerosis appears to interact with a cholesterol level (Shoenfeld, Harats and Wick, 2001). Genetic disorders involving a low, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are also associated with an increased Continue reading...

The fats in our diet are often accused of causing many health problems. Fats, however, are a vital nutrient for ideal fitness. To know more about how fats help in our diet, let us first understand how our bodies consume the food that we eat and how we store them as energy for later use. Whenever we eat food, the stomach mixes sugars, fats or proteins with fluids containing enzymes and acids. These are then digested these larger molecules are broken down and absorbed into the intestine and transferred to the blood. If they are fat then they could Continue reading...

Advances in technology should be used to improve patient care. In acute and chronic illness, biomedical monitoring of indicators such as pulmonary artery pressure in COPD, right ventricle pressure in right-sided heart failure, and pressure in an aneurysm sac can aid clinicians in detecting real-time changes that require modifications in the treatment plan where doing so ensures optimum patient outcomes. One recent technology is the monitor integrated with medical stent (MIMS) that permits the continuous measurement of pressure in the heart and blood vessels. Knowing what the technology is, its indications and contraindications, its application, and the expected outcomes Continue reading...

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INTRODUCTION:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is considered the major energy source of the body and like in any other system, it is used to initiate and carry out a contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. This contraction causes body movements and maintenance of equilibrium. For a contraction to take place, a large amount of energy is broken down from ATP to Adenosine diphosphate (ADP). The amount of breaking down of ATP into ADP is directly proportional to the amount of work on a muscle. Continue reading...

Introduction

In adults above the age of 45, cardiovascular diseases are common. There are several risks factors associated with cardiovascular disease such as hypertension, low density lipoprotein (LDL), gender (male), smoking, and low socioeconomic status. Few studies have suggested the link between atherosclerotic diseases and infection. Many researchers have suggested the link between several viruses and bacteria and the etiology of cardiovascular diseases. In transient bacteremia, dental procedures and periodontitis are considered as potential factors. In such cases, full mouth debridement resulted in Schwatzman reactions. In patient with periodontitis, gentle mastication can release bacterial endotoxins in the blood stream. During Continue reading...

Stem cell research promises to revolutionize the treatment of many chronic diseases, bodily dysfunction and trauma, but the realization of this potential raises multiple ethical and practical difficulties. The difficulty of managing and treating chronic diseases is perhaps best emphasized by the rising nephrological crisis and organ failure. Li & Wingert (2013) highlights the risk of maladaptive an regenerative cellular responses associated with chronic and acute kidney disease, the recent evidence on renal stem cells and the difficulties that need to be overcome in order to realize the full benefits of regenerative medicine. According to Li & Wingert (2013), kidney transplantation Continue reading...

Introduction: Niacinamide is an amide of niacin. It is the active form of the vitamin. Niacin is converted to niacinamide predominantly in liver. Other body tissues are also capable to amide conversion. Both the forms of vitamin are heterocyclic aromatic compound. They are collectively called Vitamin B3. Yeast, milk, fish, eggs, green vegetables, beans and cereal grains are rich sources of this vitamin. People whose diet is solely based on staple food like corn, are likely to suffer from niacin deficiency. Tryptophan is a substrate for in vivo synthesis of niacin, and this amino acid is deficient in corn. Continue reading...

Critical appraisal of “Co-localization of β-catenin with Notch intracellular domain in colon cancer: a possible role of Notch1 signaling in activation of CyclinD1-mediated cell proliferation”
The increasing prevalence of colorectal cancer among Asians has been attributed to the westernization of their diet. The title of the article explicitly mentions the population, parameter and the expected outcome of the study. According to the authors, the protein β-catenin has been previously observed to localize in the sub-cellular regions followed by translocation to the nucleus. The authors believe that this step promotes the immortalization of the cells, thereby establishing the relevance of Continue reading...

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the major causes of death among women over the world. The incidences of breast cancer have been on the increase in the recent past, calling for investigations into the cause of this rising incidences. Focus has been on breast cancer for women, although studies have indicated that even men can suffer from the same. However, the focus is on women since that is where the problem is most rampant. Various screening methods for breast cancer are available for women. Various diagnoses are available and women are encouraged to utilize these services as often as Continue reading...

Health ailments that are of common occurrence in the society are the problematic public concerns. They interfere with the normal psychosocial wellbeing of the individuals and disturb their quality of life. They also tend to induce financial burden on the patient, their family members and the overall healthcare system. In certain cases, they even become worsen and appears as a life threatening condition. So, a thorough management appears mandatory to minimise the consequences of such health abnormalities. In such context, the present description deals with highlighting a topic entitled Type 2 diabetes.
Briefly, diabetes is a metabolic disorder where Continue reading...

Introduction

The purpose is the paper is to present scientific evidences to confirm the presence of endocrine disruptor (ED) in the environment and the risk on human health upon exposure to this compound. The paper also presents scientific records on the origins of this substance in the environment and various effects that it can create to living organisms.

Background

There is an ongoing debate over the effects of endocrine disrupters (ED) or xenoestrogens on human being. Scientists have shown the adverse effects of this compound on human health, but there are skeptics who do not think that there is enough evidence Continue reading...

Atrial fibrillation occurs when many atrial foci depolarize within the atrium but this chaotic rhythm inhibits strong P waves, atrial contractions, atrial kick, and a regular ventricular response (Ignatavicius). Instead of a strong contraction to push the blood into the ventricle, the atria quivers and does not completely contract. When this occurs, blood remains in the atria and has the tendency to form clots. The clots can then enter the brain, causing an ischemic stroke (Ignatavicius).
When the paramedics arrived, they administered 2L of oxygen via nasal cannula to increase his oxygen saturation levels to decrease the work load Continue reading...

Kidneys exert well in purifying the blood and at the similar time preserving the body in constancy. But some circumstances, normally at hand at the time of birth, do incredible damage to this complicated sieving system. Renal dysplasia ( kidney dysplasia) means that a kidney does not fully develop in the womb. The infectious kidney does not have regular purpose – which means that it does not work as good as a standard kidney. It is typically smaller than standard one, and may have some abnormal openings or cavities, which are like pouches full with fluid.  Renal dysplasia may be singled Continue reading...

OUTLINE

Introduction

This paper attempts to gather and explore the data on recent advances in the field of science and engineering which may potentially result in coming-up with these futuristic technologies.

The light sabers from Star Wars

The nanobots in Big Hero 6
The artificial intelligence singularity in Transcendence
The human cloning in Resident Evil and Star Wars
The time travel in Interstellar
Light Sabers
It is similar with respect to LASERs.
At present, LASERs are used in different applications. In the industries, LASERs are used to weld and to cut hard materials.

Wicked Lasers, a Hong Kong-based company, manufactured a handheld device similar to the light saber.

It was named Spyder III Pro Arctic.
It can also burn eyes and Continue reading...

Steroids according to Klugger (2014) is a class of synthetic or natural organic compounds characterized by a 17 carbon atom molecular structures arranged in four rings (sec. 1). Being carbon-based compounds, steroids exhibit significant biochemical properties at both the cellular and tissue levels in the human body. Naturally, in the human body the steroid groups typically include all the human sex hormones, the bile acids, and the adrenal cortical hormones. Thus, according to Scovell (n.d.), steroids represent a family of somatic lipid molecules (amphipathic molecules) such as cholesterol (sec. 1). What is of primary concern, however, is steroid use Continue reading...

Identifying Health Behavior

Identifying Health Behavior
Weight losing exercises are predominantly pervasive in lively and energetic grown-up females. These tries to get fit can be more direct, as in time -constrained eating methodologies including numbering calories or confining particular sorts or amounts of nourishment or more extreme, as in fasting and accident slimming down. As a rule, fasting is considered highly hazardous action for weight reduction for one's wellbeing. More direct abstaining from food practices have likewise been connected to a mixed bag of negative welfare results, for example, weight cycling and feasting voraciously and in addition the advancement of dietary issues Continue reading...

Bone grafting is a surgical procedure intended to replace missing bone tissue in the human body in the event of a fracture or surgical removal due to cancer or in case it has become infective in some other condition. There are several options for replacement of bone tissue in the body. The methods include auto graft (replacement using bone tissue from another part of the person’s body), allograft (from another person) or the use of synthetic bone (for example Nova bone).In this case I would opt to replace the patient’s jaw bone using an auto graft, Continue reading...

Introduction

Laryngeal cancer is cancer of the larynx (voice box, vocal cords, or other areas of the throat. Laryngeal carcinoma is the second most common malignancy of the neck and head and the eleventh most common form of cancer among men over the world (Chu and Kim, 2008). The larynx is responsible for the respiration, phonation, and deglutition while it also contributes to smell and taste by allowing the air to move over the special sense organs. Therefore, loss of laryngeal function directly affects swallowing and speech (Chu and Kim, 2008).
In 2011, there were more than 89,000 people Continue reading...

Chapter 2: The Biology of Mind

A person’s self is made up of their brain, and all behavior is influenced by biological factors.
Phrenology studied bumps on a person’s skull to determine mental abilities and traits, during the early 1800’s, which led to the idea of localization of function.

Localization of function: idea that different brain regions have specific functions.

Biological perspective: studies the links between biological activity and behavior.
Discoveries of Biological perspective:
The body is made of cells.
Nerve cells communicate with chemical messages sent using electricity across small gaps between them.
Specific brain systems do specific things.
Information in these systems creates all of our experiences.
Brain adapts and works Continue reading...

1. Introduction
Hashimoto’s encephalopathy (HE) is a rare and underdiagnosed autoimmune condition caused by the formation of antithyroid antibodies. HE can occur independently or in association with Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), which is also an autoimmune disease of the thyroid cells (Pavlovic, Pavlovic and Lackovic 2009, p. 383). Autoimmunity can be defined as an inflammatory immune response that is characterized by the formation of self-reactive cytotoxic T-cells or antibodies against the body’s own cells because of a maladaptive immune system. The autoantigen could be either tissue-specific (β-cells or thyroid) or systemic in origin. Usually, all the cells of Continue reading...

Female ejaculation

Female ejaculation refers to the process by which some small quantities of a whitish fluid are produced by the female prostrate during or after orgasm. This fluid is called female ejaculate (Gilliland 128). During orgasm, some fluids other than women ejaculate are sometimes produced making it unclear to distinguish between ejaculate and the fluids. Female ejaculate may consist of the different type of physiological responses or urinary incontinence. The fluid produced may contain several other fluids whose characteristics are different (Pastor 1684).
The composition of female ejaculate has not been established. However, some researchers have claimed that the chemical Continue reading...

Overview of Cancer

Cancer is a multifactorial and very complex disease that affects various organ systems of the human body and afflicts millions of people worldwide. There are hundreds of specific cancer types and are usually grouped together by the tissue of origin. There is no single cause of cancer, although several risk factors may make a person more likely to develop this condition. Cancer may be caused by interplay among a multitude of exogenous carcinogens which may be physical, biological or chemical, and various endogenous biological processes within cells. Some characteristics of human cancers include rapid and unregulated cell proliferation, reduced Continue reading...

Recommendation for the Use of Intervention in the Profession

The three interventions chosen are very much recommended in the dental profession. Educating children and other medical providers about the three interventions are helpful in preventing tooth decays and caries. The aid of dental health providers’ staff is needed to increase awareness about the ways by which tooth decay can be prevented; however, a lack of dental health providers will pose a problem. Though there was an increase in dental schools and applicants, there was also a projected decline and unequal distribution of dental health providers.1 If there is a lack of dental health providers then there is a Continue reading...

Hodgkin's disease or Hodgkin lymphoma is a kind of lymphoma or cancer occurring in the lymphatic system of the human body. Lymphatic system forms part of the immune system of the body. Cancer originates from the white blood cells, also called lymphocytes, and grows abnormally spreading to other parts of the body. The progress of Hodgkin’s disease adversely influences the ability of the body to fight diseases. The disease is known after Dr. Thomas Hodgkin, who first identified the disease. Since Hodgkin’s disease is the cancer of the lymphatic system, understanding the functioning of the lymphatic system Continue reading...

Abstract

The main theme of this paper is ‘Cancer’. The paper represents the analysis of cancer, its staging, complications, approaches and recommendation to diminish its physical effects. The objective of this analysis is to highlight the diagnosis and staging of cancer which determines lab tests, ultrasound, and biopsy treatment. Moreover, complications of cancer such as nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, fatigue are also analyzed with comprehensive treatment. Likewise, detailed recommendations are also provided that focus on physiological and psychological side effects of care. (Macloed et al, 2009)

Introduction

Cancer patients can endure peacefully by fresh mindsets towards a cure, by incarnate quality-life and Continue reading...

QUESTION 1:

In normal respiration, when the air is inhaled quietly, there is movement of inspiratory muscles which raises the intrapulmonary pressure by contracting and flattening the diaphragm and elevating the rib cage. The increase in volume causes a fall in intrapulmonary pressure of about 1 mmHg as compared to the atmospheric pressure. This pressure difference facilitates the rush of air into the lungs till the pressure equalizes. In the expiratory phase, this sequence is reversed by relaxation of respiratory muscles causing reduction in volume and raising the intrapulmonary pressure to 1 mmHg as compared to atmospheric pressure. Such pressure difference Continue reading...

CIRRHOSIS

According to the American Liver Foundation, Cirrhosis can be defined as replacement of normal liver tissue with non-living scar tissue (Liverfoundation.org). The disease basically refers to liver only. The death of the natural tissues of the liver will lead to their replacement by fibrous tissue and hence scarring.
1.1 Causes of cirrhosis
Alcoholism: The commonest cause of cirrhosis of liver is chronic alcoholism. The disease process starts with swelling initially gradually leading to fibrous formation and hence cirrhosis (Das).

Other significant causes are:

Hepatitis C
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis D
Non alcoholic steatohepatitis: This is basically swelling and cirrhosis of liver not because of Continue reading...

Introduction

Sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality, specifically in the Intensive Care Units (ICU) of hospitals. Every year, more than 750,000 patients die from complications of sepsis (Angus 2001). These statistics translate into a mortality rate of between 30% and 60% of patient diagnosed with sepsis (Angus 2001). It is expected that these numbers will continue to rise there are serious characteristics of our population that are on the rise that put patients at increased risk for sepsis and death, including an aging population, increased patients with co-morbidities, increased bacterial resistance and opportunistic infections, Continue reading...

Abstract

HPV-associated cancers are caused by HPV, which is a non-enveloped double stranded DNA virus that is ubiquitous in nature. It attacks the squamous epithelial cells present in the mucous membranes of the body. The virus manifests itself as benign warts or as malignant cancers. Some of the cancers caused by HPV are HPV-associated squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (HNSCC), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) and oropharyngeal cancer. HPV+ HNSCC is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women and Continue reading...

Abstract

The paper looks at hepatitis infection, the different viruses and the spread of disease sin U.S. as well as across the world. It discusses how one get infects with hepatitis and the different types of hepatitis. The essay also sheds light on the available treatment options and the precautions to take when dealing with a hepatitis patient. The prime aim is to offer a comprehensive info on hepatitis infections.

Introduction

The ‘hepatitis’ word comes from the Ancient Greek word ‘hepat’, which means liver and in Latin, it means inflammation. In simpler words, hepatitis means injury to the liver that can Continue reading...

Introduction

A study by the ministry of health reveals that more than one-third of Americans use one form of alternative and complementary medicine or another. Findings indicate that two-thirds of Americans rely on prayer for health purposes. Only 4% of the respondents of this study used diet-based therapies. Traditional medicine refers to complementary and alternative forms of medicine including traditional Chinese medicine, mind-body medications, naturopathic medicine, osteopathy, ayurvedic medicine, etc. According to Chisolm (2007), scientific evidence indicates that many alternative forms of medicine are highly effective. Examples include acupuncture for pain treatment, nutritional therapy, meditation practices for cancer, Chinese herbs Continue reading...

Nanotechnology is a relatively new area of science that has evolved from the various studies conducted on manipulating matter at atomic and molecular levels. It has been found that the matter exhibits some unique properties at this nano scale which helps in in developing materials and devices for application in various walks of everyday life. The National Nanotechnology Initiative has defined nanotechnology as “the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers.” This article will focus on demonstrating an understanding of the basic scientific and technical concepts of nanotechnology and its various applications Continue reading...

Abstract

Radiation cataractogenesis (RCG) is deterministic. It does not occur below a minimum threshold dose. RCG is generally believed as dose-related. Sliney (1986) believed that its severity is also dose-related. The severity increased and the latency decreased as radiation dose increased above that threshold. The lens of the eye is nonvascular and is known to experience no cell loss over its lifetime, indicating that any damage to its cells will not result to the removal of these cells for lack of existing mechanism. Three induction mechanisms were explored (direct, indirect, and oxidative, which separately creates oxidative stress inside the lens Continue reading...

Chain reactions are represented in various forms even in humans’ everyday life. Considering your private life, the rumors spread are often called the chain reaction as well since the information begins to tittle-tattle until everybody gets acknowledged about N’s new boyfriend. You can experience it when building nice super long chains of dominos and push one of the element and they start falling pushing the nearby bones. This is the simplest example of chain reaction – an action which cannot be returned backwards and frequently having a great residue and impact. Take, for instance, billiards. The initial balls arrangement Continue reading...

A thesis submitted to the Department of Physical Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science

ABSTRACT

At some particular point in an athlete’s career, injuries will strike. Knee injuries are the most frequent injuries in this sport, particularly contact sports. Among the knee injuries, Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries have become more common. In the past, ACL injuries were considered to be career ending. However, the advent of medical technology has gone a long way to ensuring these injuries are largely treatable. These injuries have a greater chance of occurrence in female Continue reading...

Introduction

Multiple sclerosis which is also referred to as MS is what is known as an autoimmune disease or illness. The disease is located within the central nervous system effecting the brain and spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis assaults myelin, the defensive coating of the nerves, creating aggravation and regularly harming the myelin. Myelin is vital for the transmission of nerve driving forces through nerve strands. In the event that harm to myelin is slight, nerve motivations go with minor interferences; nonetheless. However if there is a lot of damage to the myelin then scar tissue may build up and cause Continue reading...

In the XXI century people’s attitude towards smoking varies around the world. In the first half of the XX century in the majority of countries it was allowed to smoke almost everywhere: in theaters, in cinemas, in restaurants, on public transport. This is clearly evidenced by footage of many films of the time, and plenty of classical books. But since the 60s, more and more scientific studies proving the harmful effects of tobacco and its derivatives began to appear, tar and smoke have negative influence not only on the health of the smoker, but also on health of Continue reading...

According to McFerran in the ”A Dictionary of Nursing,” plastic surgery is “the reconstruction of parts of the body deformed or damaged by burns, major accidents, or cancer” and birth defects. In the Oxford Dictionary of English, plastic surgery refers to “the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body by the transfer of tissue, either in the treatment of injury or for cosmetic reasons”. Presumably, when a person seeks plastic surgery to fix a deformation after an accident or battled illness, societies will offer their support. After all, the plastic surgery in such cases attempts to reconstruct Continue reading...

Introduction

One of the most common disorders to the children is the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or ADHD. It is describe as behavior impulsiveness, inattentiveness, irregular over activeness and easy disturbance. This disorder might continue from childhood stage to stage of adolescence and then up to adulthood. This disorder according to the neurobiological is not an illness or a disease but a syndrome which is heterogeneous. It cause is known and particular and the treatment needs various approaches which include parental disciplines, educational, medical and neuropsychological (Millichap, 2010).
In 1994, the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual (DSM) identified the three subtypes. Continue reading...

Introduction:

The advancement of technology has given birth to the treatment of different diseases. When the advancement of biology started at the European Continent it also gives way to the discovery of one of the most deadly disease the human civilization has encountered. And that is cancer.
Cancer is the abnormal growth of malignant cells that disrupts the normal functions of a tissue. Other names for cancer cells are malignant tumors. Tumors on the other hand are lumps of abnormal cell that can be invasive or just dormant (benign). Moreover, the spreading of cancer cells is not limited to the Continue reading...

1. Introduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a disease of the lungs that is preventable and also treatable. COPD is a progressive disease that arises from chronic inflammation of the lung tissues due to irritation by noxious gases that leads to restricted airflow (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] 2015, p. 2). COPD is a blanket term that encompasses and is characterized by chronic conditions such as bronchitis and emphysema (Sherwood 2010, p. 474). COPD is the fourth leading cause of death in the world, killing 5% of the world population annually, and could become the Continue reading...

Introduction

Scientific breakthroughs in human genetics are gaining public attention as they appear to cross ethical borders. In his article, ‘Ethics of embryo editing divides scientists,’ Cyranoski reveals how even the scientific community are divided when it comes to pursuing human DNA altercations. Apparently, Cyranoski’s observation is just part of an ongoing ethical dilemma surrounding genetic research that has been undertaken starting from the work of Gregor Mendel in the 1900’s. Today, scientists claim that they are now able to edit the genetic make-up of any living organisms and that includes human beings in particular. DNA editing has Continue reading...

ABSTRACT

Cardiomyopathy is a heart disease characterized by stiffening and hypertrophy of the musculature of the heart followed by scarring. It deprives the heart from the flexibility required in the muscles to pump the blood sufficiently leading to heart failure. There are four major types of cardiomyopathy and it can be acquired or congenital. Latter usually unpreventable and can only be controlled. Usual symptoms are shortness of breath, easy fatigability, edema of limbs and venous engorgement. Clinical as well as radiological evidence is required for its diagnosis. Surgical interventions are available to treat cardiomyopathy and besides pharmacotherapy, physical activity and Continue reading...

Introduction

A report was released by the World Health Organization with regard to the air quality measurement in cities throughout the world. Thirty six cities out of three hundred seventy five have an average of twenty micrograms of the concentration of particles where the normal range must not exceed the ten micrometers. However, out of the ten worst cities reported, five are located in the Central Valley of California (Berg, 2011). The Central Valley is settled between the Sierra Nevada on the east side and the coastal mountains on the west side (Carle, 2006). Its size is slightly smaller than Continue reading...

Uterine fibroids are benign, smooth muscle growths that occur in the uterus. They are also referred to as leiomyoma and affect an estimated 50-80% of women at some point in their lives (Robinson). While the bulk of these women find that their fibroids are asymptomatic, a significant number of uterine fibroid cases lead to discomfort, pelvic pain, and sometimes heavy bleeding. When this occurs, affected women seek surgical procedures for the management or removal of these fibroids. The most popular course of action in this regard is the operation of a surgical hysterectomy or myomectomy. These minimally invasive procedures Continue reading...

Introduction on Medical Conditions

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Introduction on Medical Conditions

Introduction

With the advancement of the modern medicine people have discovered more medial disorders and conditions that were unknown in older time. The advance treatment options, critical care, antibiotics and surgical advancements are very helpful in tackling such diseases.
Nowadays, information is available on causes, symptoms and signs, pathophysiology, anatomical abnormalities and genetic designs of every diseases and causative organisms. Vaccinations and prophylaxis measures are also available to prevent most disease.
This paper gives Continue reading...

The Role of Cardiovascular System

The cardiovascular system is responsible for the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the body. It is also responsible for carrying the waste that is to be eliminated by different organs (Shah et al. 2009, p. 11). This biological system is consisted of a series of tubes called the blood vessels that are connected to the heart which pumps blood. The arteries are the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the other parts of the body while the veins bring back the blood to the heart (Silverthorn 2007, p. 463-464). The heart is the main organ Continue reading...

Introduction

Celiac disease (CD), also known as gluten enteropathy, is a life-long gluten-sensitive autoimmune disorder of the small intestine that affects genetically susceptible people all over the world. The disease is triggered by the consumption of gluten, which is a protein complex, typically found in barley, wheat, and rye. The disease affects the villi of the small intestine, preventing the body from absorbing nutrients, primarily fat, calcium, iron, and folate. In celiac disease, the body begins to attack itself whenever a genetically susceptible person eats gluten. At least 0.6 to 1.0% of the population worldwide is affected by this disease ( Continue reading...

Analysis

Garbage is one of the important elements that give a detailed account of human behavior and activity. After a thorough analysis of the thrash collected from my roommates, which weighed over five pounds, I was able to identify various items. The thrash contained empty milk containers, computer printed paper, used chewing gum, vegetable peels, old newspapers, rotten food and tissue papers. It also had empty juice cans, lettuce wraps and plastic boxes that usually hold small meals. From the remains of the food found in the thrash, possibly my roommates have most of their meals away from home. The Continue reading...

The ability of proper information assess is infrequently met among students and average Internet users. Either because of the mentality or as the result of inattention the information perception has the lack of the critical element. The idea mentioned in the newspaper, magazine or book or on the radio or television is often considered to be more true than any of the data that should be at least compared with another sources. Meanwhile, the ability to critically evaluate and select information are the main skills while operating any materials or sources in nowadays powerful information society.

The Largest Source of Information

Considering the process Continue reading...

Introduction

Honey bees, whose scientific name are Apis mellifera, are of great importance to humanity in that they pollinate a third of world’s nuts, fruits, and vegetables which are a source of food (Wallberg et al, 2014). There are over 16000 species described so far with notable differences in habitat, social behavior, and diet. They belong to phylum Arthropoda and class insecta. Some of the notable characteristics include three body parts, three pairs of legs, two pairs of wings, and segmented antennae. Honey bee is a common name for Apis mellifera in my home area Los Angeles, California, United Continue reading...

ADHD refers to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a chronic mental condition involving problems of difficulty in paying attention, hyper activity and impulsiveness. It is ranked as the most common neurobehavioral disorder in childhood. This disorder, however, may continue during adolescence and even into adulthood. The disorder consists of three sub types, Predominantly Hyperactive Impulsive, Predominantly inattentive, and the Combined Hyperactive – Impulsive and Inattentive. The predominantly hyperactive – impulsive is characterized by more symptoms of hyper-activity and impulsiveness and less of symptoms of inactiveness. The Predominantly Inattentive kind consists of more symptoms of inattentiveness and fewer symptoms of hyper-activity. Continue reading...

Introduction

Obesity is considered to be a scourge of the 21st century whose prevalence keeps increasing significantly, comprising a major public health concern. Physiologically, obesity is defined as “an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that involves a risk to health” (Pedro et al. 2011). The most practical indicator to evaluate obesity in adults is the Body Mass Index (BMI) and based on it, those with BMI that is higher than 30 are considered obese (WHO, 2015). According to the World Health Organization (2015), there were more than two billion overweight adults and 600 million obese adults, in 2014, which means Continue reading...