Temperature Reports Samples That Help You Write Better, Faster & with Gusto

Diffusion, osmosis, and functional significance of biological membranes

Abstract
Diffusion is the process in which substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. If a semipermeable membrane is involved in this movement then this process is known as Osmosis. Semipermeable membrane is any biological membrane in the body that is selectively permeable. These membranes protect the cell from external environment. These are also involved in the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. This movement of molecules result in the differences in concentration until an equilibrium is established. In this research, we have done experiments on Elodea cells to Continue reading...

Objective

The aim is to have a robot design that would be used in the detection of fire existence. It will be a useful system that will be instrumental in detecting fire breaks and having strategies to put off the fires in advance. The aim of the research is to have a fire robot that would be multi-sensor and would be useful in fighting fire in every-day life. In the design, the firefighting robot will make use of flame detectors. The firefighting methods and procedures will be programmed with the use of sensor-based methods and procedures. There are thermistors/flame sensors Continue reading...

The journal article was written to provide an overview of solar water heating (SWH) technology which include the basic principle and theory of thermodynamics, applications of these principles and theories, effectiveness of SWH in providing energy, market potentials for
SWH technology and potential research questions to improve existing technology. Furthermore, the article also outlines the importance of SWH as one of the economical renewable energy scenarios.
The introduction section of this article presents the facts of fossil fuel as the primary source (80%-90% of energy usage) to date, and clearly discusses the potential setbacks and effects of fossil Continue reading...

Introduction

The process, in which the heat produced in result of fuel combustion, simultaneously produces electricity, and heat is called cogeneration and the name of the built and configured system that utilizes the heat is Combined Heat and Power Engine (CHP). The CHP usage has so many advantages in different manners, especially nowadays, that CHP systems with up to 90% efficiency and compatible to different types of fuels, including the renewable ones are produced.
Therefore using a CHP, leads to production of the desired result but by using less fuel, and in comparison to the conventional methods it saves energy Continue reading...

Abstract

The laboratory assignment aims to study the physical properties of fluids and practice the experimental measurements and assessment of errors. The density, specific gravity, and viscosity were measured experimentally and calculated. The experimental errors were assessed by repeating experiments.

Introduction 3

Experimental 4
Density and specific gravity 4
Rotational Viscometer 6
Falling Ball Viscometer 7
Results 8
Calculations 10
Density 10
Specific gravity 10
Viscosity 10
Conclusions 12

References 13

Introduction
The experiment is meant to study the properties of fluids. Fluids are applied in different areas in industry and everyday life; therefore, it is important to understand their properties. The widely applied Continue reading...

Results

Data
The following tables and graphs show the data of the experiment:
y=2.01E+4x-7.31E-02
Figure 1: Beer’s law graph generated from the data of part 1 of the experiment

Sample Calculations

Concentration of the sample containing 5.0mL dye solution (C2).
C1V1=C2V2
In the above formula, C1 and V1 represent the concentration and volume respectively of the first sample of the Indigo Carmine dye solution whose absorbance was measured (4.0mL dye solution). On the other hand, C2 and V2 represent the concentration and volume respectively of the 5.0mL dye solution sample.
7.1E-05*4.0=C2*5
28.4E-055=C2
C2=5.68E-05

The value was truncated to 2 significant figures to obtain 5.6E-05M

Concentration of the 7.0mL dye Continue reading...

Introduction

Disposal of pharmaceutical products into the water bodies poses a serious threat to the existence of aquatic life. For instance, synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) 17α-ethinyl estriradiol have a significant effect on the physiology of aquatic organisms (Rohde, 264). Consequently, there is the need to devise environment-friendly and efficient means of removing such pollutants from the ecosystem. Diatrizoic acid (DTZA) is one of the most widely used pharmaceutical products in our daily life. It is an x-ray contrast media compound commonly used in the imaging of soft tissues. Ferrate is a suitable disinfectant for removing these pollutants from water. Continue reading...

Lab report

Viscosity measurement

Viscosity is an important property of a fluid and by this property fluid’s resistance of flow is measured. In other words, viscosity is a quantification of resistance of fluid to gradual deformation by shear stress. So, by this property shear stress in a fluid and angular rate of deformation are correlated. The resistance in a fluid is offered by intermolecular friction applied while layers of fluid slide by one another. Highly viscous fluid resist its flow and low viscous fluid like gas flows easily.

Objective:

Purpose of this lab experiment was to quantity viscosity, shear stress, strain Continue reading...

Immunoprecipitation of Activated MAP Kinase

Abstract
MAP Kinases are protein kinases which have many roles in different biological processes. MAP Kinase ERK1/2 can be phosphorylated by another protein kinase at two amino acid residues and is involved in phosphorylating other target proteins. The following laboratory experiment examines the phosphorylation of MAP Kinase ERK1/2 from rat muscle cells under stimulating (in the presence of insulin) and inhibitory (in the presence of PD98059) conditions. Phosphorylated forms of MAP Kinase were detected by immunoprecipitation using an antibody that is specific for phosphotyrosine, followed by immunoblot analysis. The results of this experiment are discussed.

Introduction

MAP Kinases, also known Continue reading...

Climate Change and Asthma

Human activity has created increased atmospheric carbon dioxide emissions and greenhouse gases, which has resulted in global climate change (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 2001). There is scientific consensus that human activity has changed the Earth’s climate, with a variety of adverse reactions. Recent research has predicted that global climate change is likely to have an effect on asthma rates worldwide in the future (Beggs and Bambrick 2006). Asthma rates have increased from 7.3 percent of the population to 8.4 percent over the last decade. Other research suggests the observed increase in asthma could be due to Continue reading...

Introduction

Body cells are surrounded by plasma membrane that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cells. Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable. Consequently, it can only allow certain substances to move across it into the cells or out of the cell. Three main processes are involved in the movement of substances across the plasma membrane: diffusion, active transport, and osmosis. Diffusion refers to the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient (Chiras, 1999). However, there are two main types of diffusion: Simple and facilitated diffusion. In simple diffusion, molecules pass through the semi permeable membrane without assistance. Continue reading...

Introduction

As opposed to continuous time capacitor circuits in analog signal processing, Switched Capacitor (SC) circuits find wide range of applications in discrete time signal processing. These circuits function by charging and discharging capacitors with the help of switches to provide flow of charge in desired direction. SC filters are embedded in integrated circuits due to their inherent temperature and voltage characteristics.

A typical SC circuit is equivalent to a discrete time resistance. Consider a simple example of a SC circuit:

Clock pulses are applied on switches to perform transition between two voltage sources shown in the figure. It is made sure that the clock pulses don’t overlap so that the voltage sources are not short circuited. It Continue reading...

Back titration of Calcium Carbonate with Sodium Hydroxide.

Introduction
Here the amount of Calcium Carbonate is asked and because it is an insoluble salt "back titration" is used. Titration is a method which it's another name is volumetric method, in this method a reactant is used to bring a reaction to endpoint. In this method, one sample (unknown) value is determined by a standard (known) value.
But "back titration" is needed because here Calcium Carbonate is an insoluble salt and it's not possible to calculate its amount by direct titration.
In this experiment first calcium carbonate was reacted with an excess known hydrochloric acid and the unreacted Continue reading...

ABSTRACT

Blood pressure is a significant entity to determine a person’s medical condition. It is measured as systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings. An imbalance in these should be carefully regulated as it can further lead to severe diseases. The exercise here is trying to find the effect of hot water immersion in three healthy humans. Their systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings were measured at rest and fifteen minutes after immersion in the hot tub. The blood pressure readings fell by approximately 4.6% for the systolic blood pressure and around 5.6% for diastolic blood pressure on an average Continue reading...

Introduction: Transportation in Metropolitan cities

Transportation has always been, and is a major characteristic feature of all cities big and small around the world. The need to travel and visit faraway lands in search of trade and livelihood in ancient times have led to the evolution of a number of means of transportation that are seen today. Mention needs to be made of the immense development that has taken place in land, water and air travel. Travel and transportation is always interlinked with the human population of the area, and very importantly, occupation of the inhabitants . The regularity and means of transportation vary from Continue reading...

Abstract

Studies have shown that soil and atmospheric nitrogen concentrations affect the growth potential of fern species across a wide variety of ecosystems. This study evaluates whether high ammonium nitrate concentrations will decrease fern spore growth.
Keywords: ferns, nitrogen, NH4NO3, diversity, growth

Introduction:

Ferns are types of plants that are found in moist environments. They are vascular, seedless plants, which are classified as pteridophyte. Like all vascular plants, they have a specific life cycle called alternation of generations, characterized by alternating diploid saprophytic and haploid gamtophytic phases. A diploid sporophyte phase produces haploid spores by meiosis, and a haploid gametophyte phase Continue reading...

Cell culture Techniques

Introduction
Cell culture involves the extraction of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells from animal or plants and growing them in artificially controlled environment in vitro. This paper summarizes Cell culturing process including culture techniques, medium selection, detection of microbial contamination, and methods of thawing, freezing and passaging of cultured cells. The embryonic chick cells were maintained for the first time in 1885 and 1907 the first cell culture was performed by Ross Harrison. The cell culture application has been highly advantageous in biomedical research, especially for drug screening, vaccine development, cancer and genome analysis and also in the preparation of Continue reading...

REPORT: WIND TUNNEL MEASUREMENT ON AN AEROPLANE MODEL

Report: Wind Tunnel Measurement On an Aero-plane Model
Abstract
The experiment makes a great use of a wind tunnel to determine a few features of an aeroplane model. The results are used to determine the trimmed lift coefficient at the two tail settings with the CG assumed to be in a realistic position and the corresponding static margins and neutral points. The aircraft-less-tail has an aerodynamic centre position which was to be determined through calculations of the data achieved from the experiment. In finding out the lift curve slope of the aircraft, with or without the tail, a (1+ Continue reading...

Constant head permeability test for sand

Objective of this experiment is to determine coefficient of permeability of sand by Constant head permeability test.

Description of Soil Samples:

The soil, used in the lab experiment, was coarse sand. The sand was dry, light whitish pink in color and there was no smell.

Description of Test Methodology:

Constant head permeameter, a graduated cylinder (250 cc or 500 cc), Balance- sensitive up to 0.1 g, Thermometer - sensitive up to 0.1 degree C, Rubber tubing and Stop watch were used in this experiment. At first weight of the plastic specimen tube, the porous stones, the spring, and the two rubber stoppers (W1) were taken. Then the Continue reading...

Assignment #11. Based on what you already know about photosynthesis, develop a testable hypothesis to explain the influence of an increase in light intensity on the photosynthetic rate in tomato leaves. ( hint: make sure your hypothesis is specific enough such that the results of your experiment will support it or disprove it. For example a BAD hypothesis would be: Increased light allows the plant to grow larger. You are not testing the growth of the plant in this experiment .)Answer
Basing on the experiment, the increase of light intensity increases the photosynthetic rate. It is evident that this rise Continue reading...