Abstract
Sister Callista Roy’s adaptation model suggests that individuals and groups are systems interacting with and are integrated into their social and physical environment. Internal and external changes or occurrences referred to as inputs can pose threats to the system’s integrity or its ability to meet holistic needs. The effectiveness of responses or coping mechanisms known as outputs that may be physiologic or cognitive in nature determine the level of adaptation which can be integrated, compensatory, or compromised. The role of the nurse is to modify the inputs or outputs within the context of the nursing process to Continue reading...