Supreme Court Research Papers Samples That Help You Write Better, Faster & with Gusto

Identify the purpose of the research study, problem, and questions

The purpose of the research study was to investigate whether there is a disproportionate minority representation of people from the age of 8 to 18 across different ethnic backgrounds. The researchers gathered data that was used to compare the representation of the African American youth, the European American youth and African American youth in the juvenile justice (Vazsonyi & Chen, 2010). The aim of the research was to present findings that are backed up with valid data to support the arguments presented. Moreover, the researchers used the ethnic minority factor to establish the disproportionate representation of the United States justice Continue reading...

During the start of the 21st century, the juvenile courts were able to address an estimated number of 1.7 million delinquency cases or about 4,600 cases for every day (Campaign for Youth Justice, 2012, p.1). The number of juveniles being arrested dropped by 16% from 1999 to 2008, which may reflect the benefits of the juvenile court system (Campaign for Youth Justice, 2012, p.1). However, out of the 250,000 juveniles being tried and sentenced every year, those who were transferred to the adult system were 34% more likely to commit re-offense than those who remained in the Continue reading...

SCENARIO: WHEN IS ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEDGE RENDERED MOOT? ETHICAL DIMENSIONS

A court-appointed lawyer rather than a public defender is assigned to a murder case in which she must defend a purported murderer. During one of their attorney-client meetings, the suspect discloses that he abducted a five year old boy from a local playground a week prior, murdered him, and buried the boy’s remains behind his abode. After her emotionally-charged meeting with her client, the court-appointed attorney mines through local newspapers in order to gain more knowledge about the purported crime. She finds an article in which the mother of the slain boy pleads to the public for anyone Continue reading...

When the delegates gathered for the Constitutional Convention in May of 1787, one of the primary questions on their minds was: what is the purpose of a federal government? Over the next several months, and often as the subject of intense debate, the Founding Fathers were finally able to answer the question in the form of the preamble to the Constitution. According to the preamble, the federal government has only a few broad purposes namely, “form a more perfect union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general Welfare, and Secure the Blessings of Continue reading...

Introduction

Terrorist attacks have become one of the most pressing global issues of our time. Humanity no longer feels completely safe. Recent cases of terrorist attacks have demonstrated the society’s inability to confront this global problem. As a result, government authorities in different countries were forced to undertake the development of national security documents, strategies and tactics against terrorism. The issue of terrorism exists both within separate countries and on the international stage. The object of the research is the laws and regulations on terrorism combating. The subject of the research is the activities of the international anti-terrorist organizations Continue reading...

American Government

Section 1: US Government
Discuss the concept of Checks & Balances and explain how it makes government more democratic. Provide a description of each branch that includes its duties and how it checks the power of other branches. Describe the impact of the media on the political process focusing on its role as a check on power. 
Historically, the founders of the U.S. Constitution intended to prevent tyranny by ensuring that the powers divested through the government are equal and balance (Kilman & Costello, p. 22). Hence, no individual or group or office can abuse their powers. It set up a Continue reading...

Over the course of time, there has been a general agreement among scholars and experts that the American Criminal justice system is hugely flawed. Although it is said to be the fairest and the most-justice oriented in the world, a thorough investigation and look into this system reveals a massive rot. There are several flaws that are identifiable in this system with the most prevailing one being racial discrimination. Data and statistics on issues such as criminal convictions and incarceration show that the system has not been fair to members from minority communities and consequently the system has been Continue reading...

The general concept of due process states that neither federal government nor state governments shall arbitrarily or unfairly (illegally) deprive any person of his fundamental constitutional rights and freedoms (Ely Jr, 2003). The idea that citizens cannot be subjected to the unlawful deprivations of their basic rights by the executive or judicial powers dates back to the provisions of Magna Carta. This act guaranteed that “no free man shall be imprisoned except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land”(The Text of Magna Carta, 1215). Naturally, the following rule has had a Continue reading...

Law

The case No. 12-1539 between Mylan Pharmaceuticals Inc. and GlaxoSmithKline Beecham took place in the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit on the 8th of January, 2013 after an appeal from the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. The presiding Circuit Judges were Scirica, Ambro and Fuentes. The case involved the competing rights over the pharmaceutical drug paroxetine hydrochloride controlled release tablets in their generic form (Paroxetine Hydrochloride Extended-release (ER) Tablets). The Defendant was SmithKline Beecham Corp currently holding FDA rights and a patent to market and sell the drug paroxetine meant Continue reading...

Discussing the Issues of Overcrowding in American Prisons

INTRODUCTION
The American criminal justice system is presently facing a very serious problem. People continue to commit crimes, law enforcement continues to arrest perpetrators and the court continues to convict them. Case after case, defendant after defendant and guilty verdict after guilty verdict for crimes that range of petty larceny to First Degree Murder, which results in more and more prisoners being incarcerated every single day. Hence where the problem lies, so many prisoners serving long –term sentences, new prisoners arriving, and previous prisoner returning to the prison that the facilities have been and continue to be incredibly overcrowded. Continue reading...

Question 1

It is evident that the “War on Drugs” disproportionately affects the women and especially the women of color. The “war on drugs” greatly affects women and families who have been the victims of mandatory minimum sentences and criminalization of females addicted to drugs among other policies. Subsequently, the number of the women in federal prison due to the nonviolent drug offenses in noticeably increasing. Therefore, this illustrates that the “war on drugs” is in a way a war against women.
There are three main factors that have shown the association between the “war on drugs” and War on women.” Continue reading...

Introduction

Racism remains one of the biggest social issues despite the many decades of civil rights talks and policies. Mainstream media still air a significant number of reports on racial attacks and slurs, hate groups, and many other examples that we witness in our day-to-day lives. Racism is defined as the ideology that is demonstrated through perceived superiority of one group of people over another through cultural heritage, ethnicity, color, or race. Usually, the ideology is manifested at an institutional, group, or individual level and tends to be a part of cultural inheritance (Lawrence, 2005). Social workers have since the Continue reading...

Probation is a form of a legal system that is used to correct minor offenders, instead of sending them to prison or jail (Abaninsky 5). The court system of various states has different regulations that specify when an offender is supposed to be put under probation and when they should be sent to jail (GOV.UK 1). When the court system puts a person under probation, the person is allowed to interact with the community, but has to report to a correctional facility (Shearer 33). Shearer points out that when a person is put under the supervision of a correctional Continue reading...

Country Profile: Bangladesh

General Indicators.
Capital: Dhaka, 15.391 million (2011)

Area: 55,598 Square Miles (143,998 km2)

Population: 166.3 million (2014)
Population Growth Rate: 1.6% (2014)
Population Density (people per sq. km of land area): 1,033.5 (2013)

Economic Indicators.

GDP (PPP): $324.6 billion (2013)
Per Capita GDP (PPP): $2,000 (2013)
Distribution of GDP: Agriculture 17.2%, Industry 28.9%, Service 53.9% (2013)
Urban Population: 28.4% (2010)
Population below poverty line: 31.5% (2010)
Labour force participation rate (Rate of female to male shares): 0.681 (2012)
Environmental Performance Index (EPI) Ranking (and score): 169 (25.61) (2014)
Debt level: $30.69 billion (2013)

Analysis section:

Per Capita GDP is an indicator that Continue reading...

Intervention and Recurrence the Effect of Therapy on Domestic Violence Recidivism

Research Paper Rough Draft

Dr. Eric Brownlee
Research paper submitted to the Faculty of
Gannon University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF
Public administration
Erie, PA
Abstract
It has long been the case that one in four American women will suffer domestic violence in their lifetime. There can be little doubt that America is suffering from an epidemic of violence within intimate relationships, but what is being done to reduce those figures? One theory is that men who are found guilty of abuse need to receive therapy and counseling that helps retrain them, Continue reading...

Impacts of Surveillance Cameras on Crime: Privacy in exchange for security?

Local governments across the United States are constantly looking for an efficacious public safety interposition that will provide a bi-fold effect on society. One, this public intervention should help in restraining crime and two, enhance the economic welfare and the sustainability of neighborhoods in the nation. Though the prevailing law enforcement philosophy remains to be anchored on “community policing” strategies, which is believed to be a potent and sufficient police strategy, law enforcement units are still hard put to cope with the increasing demands of curbing crime; here, the use of new systems and mechanisms that can help “community Continue reading...

The US law enforcement model is best described as a fragmented system. The absence of a national police force in the US results in a system where law enforcement exists at all levels: federal, state, and local levels. As of 2009, about 16,224 law enforcement agencies exist in the state and local levels and about 34 major law enforcement agencies in the federal level (Conser et al 2011, pp. 80, 90). The distribution of police in the different levels is as follows: 82% in the local level, 10% in the state level and 8% in the federal level ( Continue reading...

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Incarnation and Atonement: Anselm’s Satisfaction Theory of Atonement

Introduction
The doctrine of the merit and satisfaction of Christ’s expiatory sacrifice rose in the Middle Age when questions on the objective efficacy of his redemptive death started to appear (Dupuis 216). In response, St. Anselm of Canterbury (c. 1033-1109) wrote his apology that man, by sin, had offended the infinite honor of God and incurred a guilt that was infinite (Bokenkotter 79). According to his theory, adequate satisfaction can only be provided in the infinitely valuable death of the Son of Man, the God-man, for the expiation in behalf of the Continue reading...

Introduction

In July 2014, Eric Garner had a confrontation with the police enforcers, suspected him of selling loose and illegal cigarettes. Garner was forcefully arrested, and during the arrest, for eleven times, Garner said, “I cannot breathe” . Apparently, Garner had a total loss of the air supply and blood circulation and died due to chokehold made by the police officer. In the Justice department, Attorney General Eric H. Holder Jr. has expanded the rules of racial profiling. Holder’s reason in the expanded rules for racial profiling is to strongly prevent the Federal Bureau of Investigation or FBI agents from Continue reading...

An Insight on Police Brutality and Racial Discrimination

Police misconduct and brutality continues to generate headlines as monthly controversial cases intensified the people’s unrest. Last year signalled the height of the outrage following the consecutive deaths of three African American citizens in the hands of the police and recently, another one was shot down in a routine traffic stop.
In Staten Island New York on July 2014, Eric Garner was apprehended by the police by selling loose and untaxed cigarettes on the streets. As the police put him on chokehold, he pleaded for the officers to loosen up but to no avail. His plea for life Continue reading...

Amendments were made in the US constitution to allow people to have the right to vote. They were several amendments made (amendments 19, 23, 24, and 26) that were aimed at ensuring that the citizen have the right to vote (The U.S. Constitution Facts, 2015). Voting rights have been fought throughout the history of United States. This amendment was very important because it is the democratic right of every citizen to participate in the election process to elect his/her leaders of their choice without being discriminated of their gender, race, age and where they come from as long as Continue reading...

In the recent years we have witnessed a spate of wrongful convictions overturned by DNA evidence including those on death row. The primary reason why most of the exonerated were convicted initially was mistaken identification. The victim of a violent crime such as rape is usually traumatized by the incident and suffers a great deal of emotional damage even over several years after the crime. They are usually in severe shock and filled with shame due to the nature of the crime itself. Unless the crime was committed by someone they knew for a long time, it makes identification Continue reading...

The police are an important component of the United States Criminal Justice system. Contact with police is the only personal experience most people have with the criminal justice process. A majority of the people have never been to prisons, jails, or courthouses. Police roles involve working in unsafe, dangerous and hostile environments. In the United States Criminal Justice system, there exist many unresolved matters especially in matters related to policing. The unresolved issues impact greatly to the quality of life of the people and the safety of neighborhoods across the entire nation. It is fundamental that the issues are Continue reading...

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to explain the factors that cause ethical dilemmas for the police. The paper also intends to propose the ways of solving the ethical dilemmas for the police. As the paper’s findings show, the police face moral dilemmas when their fellow police officers and bosses are involved in illegal and unethical practices. The officers do not report such occurrences because they fear. Also, the officers face situations where the law contradicts ethical practices. Certain situations are emergent and the police may have to violate the law so that they prevent crime. However, there Continue reading...

Introduction

The gang segment of Chicago extensively expanded in size and purpose and as a result it encompassed a head office, managerial and intelligence divisions and three fundamental subsections in the vicinities of North, South, and West in Chicago. The gangs as well made their position strong in size, danger, and impact in numerous urban societies and resultantly armed forces segments invented innovative techniques to investigate, locate, pester, and divide criminal segments for eliminating the issue. The young criminal groups came in notice as sinful and cruel in their illegal doings and were not granted relaxation in the civil treatment. Continue reading...

The United States has a fragmented system of law enforcement. Its federal system of government creates a dual system of government where the federal system co-exists with the state system. The co-existing systems are established under the 10th Amendment, which provides that “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.” As a result, law enforcement exists at the federal to enforce federal laws, while another law enforcement system exists at the state, which is also empowered to create political Continue reading...

Research Paper: Papal Visits Drive Religious Tourism

Introduction
There are diverse types of tourism that has been observed to gain popularity in contemporary times. The religious and pilgrim tourism is one of the types of tourism that have consistently exhibited increasing trends in popularity . As revealed, “the global religious travel market is a nearly $20 billion-per-year industry, with trips of the spirit in a strong period of ascendancy”. Aside from travelling to mystical places with religious underpinnings, one has observed that visits of popular religious personalities, like the Pope, could stir tourist attractions to the scheduled destination. In Pope Francis’ recent visit to the Philippines, news Continue reading...

People are usually brought up in certain societies that a play a big role in defining whom they are. There are usually roots they can always associate themselves with and refer to them, especially when they are no longer inclined to their roots. The stories in Pere Goriot Honore De Balzac and Gathering of Old Men take us through the lives of people, and mostly old men, in their quest to redefine their identity. The most common feature of the two readings is the focus that has been given to the old men and their quest for change. When Continue reading...

Introduction

There lacks a standard definition when it comes to gangs. Various scholars and research teams have come up with varied ways of looking at the term. The National Gang Center (2015) provides several terms that are synonymous with the word gang. These are street gang, youth gang and criminal street gang. Through these terminologies, two aspects stand out when talking about gangs. These are the street aspect and the street crimes. The first street aspect is all about the socialization process that takes place in the streets for the gangs, while the other crime aspects define what the gangs Continue reading...

RE: Taxation of Antique Instruments

Facts
James Figaro is a professional musician who plays the violin and operates as a self-employed individual in this industry. He also performs in an orchestra and also provides private music lessons to a small class of selected students as part of his commercial music business activities. Since his specialty is in stringed instruments particularly the violin, James has recently purchased a set of antique instruments that he intends to use in his trade. This set is comprised of a fine antique bow and a corresponding fine antique violin.
Since James is a professional music player of the violin, Continue reading...

It is bewildering that some of nature’s own organic products are considered illegal. For some reasons however, illegal drug use is promoted by reserving some safe abuse sites. Our society promotes and protects a flourishing alcohol industry which is to blame for widespread violent behavior and multiple deaths. This is not forgetting the tobacco industry which is also the cause of thousands of deaths annually. However, marijuana, nature’s own natural product is considered immoral and harmful. In many regions of North America, a small nugget of marijuana can possibly land one in jail for a longer period Continue reading...

Motorcycle clubs are a group of bikers aspiring after freedom and using motorcycles and a rebellious lifestyle as a means of setting themselves free from social confines. Still, when they get loose, they come untied from restraining shackles of social decency. When they do, a social menace arises since they step on the path of criminal activities. While some reputed, respectable, and law-abiding citizens take to riding a bike, they do it for no purpose other than to entertain themselves in a socially acceptable way. Club members classified as criminal engaged in a wide range of illegal and proscribed Continue reading...

Introduction

The law of contracts is one of the fundamental concepts on which the doctrine of civil law has built on from the historical law records of the laws of the different lands in civilization. In particular, the law of personal contracts has been one of the most defined and controversial sections of civil law as per the directions of the doctrine of promissory estoppels revealed in Thomas v. Thomas [1842] 2 QB 85.
In particular, the doctrine of promissory estoppels provides for the description of a relationship between two parties. Evidently recording from the text by Calleros (2013), the Continue reading...

Abstract

This article is based on a type of interviewing techniques: cognitive interview. The article discusses the different uses of this type of question based interview which are interviews for job selection, conducting surveys or police interrogations.In this interview, questions are designed by the interviewer as such that they acquire past experiences, behavior, problems to situations put forward to the candidates. The interviewer judges the confidence and memory of the candidate. The techniques of cognitive interviewing discussed are “think-aloud”, “verbal-probing” and “personal context”. The advantages and disadvantages a job interviewer may have in selecting candidates suitable for the post are Continue reading...

Component #1: Developmental Considerations in Counseling

The counselors who work with adolescents are indeed playing with psychological fire because the young blood is a piece of submerged iceberg, and the psychologists have to phish for relevant information and emotions buried underneath the personality of the kids in order to identify the mental problems of those the subject may not be aware. The adolescents have untapped energy levels embedded within themselves, and the counselor had to help them in channeling the reserves in order to achieve great many things in life. The adolescents have to search for focal point in their life where they can apply Continue reading...

Introduction

The presumption that all veterans are supported and undergirded by the United States of America for which they fought and served is a misleading notion. United States soldiers return from war as heroes, with two national holidays to commemorate their service to their country. Yet on home soil many remain in a battle for a place of their own to call home. These veterans have fallen prey to the ills-inequalities of war and of society. Collaterally, they have been damaged and demoted to the ranks of the disadvantaged. The disadvantaged, typically have less power than the majority of their Continue reading...

Abstract

The paper discusses the political life of Senator Jeff Sessions. It traces Sessions’ life from birth to his entry into politics. The paper appreciates Sessions’ experiences both as a practicing attorney and in the Armed Forces Reserves. In addition, particular attention is paid to Sessions’ legislative agenda which is read together with his ideological leanings and his party’s persuasions. The paper equally looks at the Sessions’ fundraisers and the effect they may have in his legislative agenda in the Senate.

Introduction

Senator Jeff Sessions, a junior senator, from the State of Alabama has been in Washington DC for the Continue reading...

Abstract

The word gang is usually used to describe a menacing group of people that cause chaos to society’s rules and laws. However this defines a broad spectrum of different types of gangs which are individually characteristic setting them far apart from one another at times. A gang is defined as a group of people that are involved in illegal doings for the purposes of making money. This paper will go over many things that make up a gang, different typologies and highlight two gangs as well as describe their typology. The intent is to discover how gangs are Continue reading...

Is the Multiculturalism good or bad for women?

Abstract:
Multicultural world is what we have today. Nowadays, there is a huge wave of immigrants all over the world every year. Many women are integrating into the absolutely another culture, because of many reasons, in most cases, because of better work placements, higher education, high social worth of women's labor in law-full enfranchisement and activity for the wife, annulment of special criminal regulations affecting women, franchise for women. Big percent of those immigrants are political refugees. Countries that easily accept immigrants and have special immigration policies are becoming or already are multicultural. Still, the main question is open: Continue reading...

Discussing the Evidential Value and Court Admittance of Polygraphs and Profiling

INTRODUCTION
Human beings have been trying to understand the behaviors of other human beings since the beginnings of communal living. No doubt these issues surrounded problems like, “he said/she said,” which means that two people are telling two very different stories of a single event; however, the two stories are antithetically different. One person may be lying and one telling the truth, but which is which and how best can equity and justice be served. Why are some people unwaveringly honest, loyal and helpful, while others are dishonest, deceptive and counterproductive to society? People commit innumerable illegal acts on Continue reading...