Free Essays on Calibration to Get Inspired & Learn by Example

The study aims to identify the 24 testosterone injections taken from different illicit sources. The analytical investigation quantifying range and linearity of testosterone were based on the HPLC and LC-MS techniques where Sustanon 250® was chosen as a pharmaceutical standard against samples. The advanced performance such as great speed, sensitivity and higher selectivity of HPLC made it preferred choice for separation and identification method. For an accurate quantitative analysis, UV detection approach is combined with HPLC. The main advantage of HPLC method is that it does not need heating of the sample heating which decreases the risk of sample Continue reading...

Introduction

As opposed to continuous time capacitor circuits in analog signal processing, Switched Capacitor (SC) circuits find wide range of applications in discrete time signal processing. These circuits function by charging and discharging capacitors with the help of switches to provide flow of charge in desired direction. SC filters are embedded in integrated circuits due to their inherent temperature and voltage characteristics.

A typical SC circuit is equivalent to a discrete time resistance. Consider a simple example of a SC circuit:

Clock pulses are applied on switches to perform transition between two voltage sources shown in the figure. It is made sure that the clock pulses don’t overlap so that the voltage sources are not short circuited. It Continue reading...

The aim of this experiment is to investigate the reason of poisoning in a patient whether from mineral bottled water and a saline drip by using ICP-MS and ICP-OES.
A patient was found suffered from excessive Sodium levels in his body. A recently given saline drip was assumed to be a reason, so two saline drips have been investigated. Another reason for this toxicity is that the patients may have consumed it through bottled mineral water. To solve the problem, it is necessary to measure the Sodium levels in saline drips. The evaluation of toxic metal is required to Continue reading...

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Abstract

The primary purpose of this research is to illustrate the best practices which need to be followed in order to minimize the risks of leakages and mishaps resulting from the leakages. As the demand of LNG is on constant rise, the need of the hour is to prevent the leakages which may result either from the technical glitch or lack of adherence to the standard processes to be followed as recommended by the best practices through industrial standard. It is known that the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) is not as harmful as Continue reading...

Introduction

Body cells are surrounded by plasma membrane that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cells. Plasma membrane is a semi-permeable. Consequently, it can only allow certain substances to move across it into the cells or out of the cell. Three main processes are involved in the movement of substances across the plasma membrane: diffusion, active transport, and osmosis. Diffusion refers to the movement of molecules down a concentration gradient (Chiras, 1999). However, there are two main types of diffusion: Simple and facilitated diffusion. In simple diffusion, molecules pass through the semi permeable membrane without assistance. Continue reading...

Abstract

In the laboratory assignment, the experimental investigation of the distillation process is performed. The mixture of dichloromethane and trichloroethylene was separated using the glass distillation column. The influence of power input on temperatures and column flow rate was investigated. Apparently, the power input increases the efficiency of the process. The experiment had three main tasks: study of the variation of the pressure drop, application of refractometer as an express method of binary mixture composition analysis, and estimation of the column efficiency.
It has been proven that the boil-up rate is directly proportional to pressure drop. Although there is some Continue reading...

Introduction

Milk and milk products are widely used as food items universally. Whole milk is very rich in nutrients. This fact explains why young ones of lactating animals are able to survive exclusively on milk for some period of time. In addition to being nutritious, milk secreted into the udder of a healthy cow is usually sterile (Jay, Golden, Jay-Loessner-Golden, and Loessner, 2005). Unlike other food substances, milk has no native flora. However, it is important to note that once in the udder, the milk may not be necessarily free from bacteria especially if the cow is infected with a Continue reading...

Determination of Field Unit Weight of Compaction by Sand Cone Method.

Objective of this experiment is to determine Field Unit Weight of Compaction by Sand Cone Method.

Description of Soil Samples:

The soil use in the lab experiment was Ottawa sand.
Description of Test Methodology:
At first dry unit weight of 20-30 Ottawa sand was determined by using Proctor compaction mold and a spoon filling it with the sand. Sand was then poured into mold without any vibration or other means of compaction. When the mold is full, the top of mold was struck off with steel straight edge. The weight of sand (W1) was determined. In the next step, the cone was calibrated Continue reading...

Introduction

Accurately measuring the protein concentration is necessary in biochemistry as the proteins are used for measuring the activity in the case for example enzyme reactions (Aitken, 1996). Usually determining the protein concentration is the first step in a biochemical protocol and have inaccuracy can lead to overall inaccuracies in all the experiments. However, getting an accurate protein concentration is daunting and although there has been nearly 100 years of biochemical research on proteins no method yields absolutely accurate results. However, direct spectroscopy (if the extinction coefficient is known and Lowry technique are good methods and offer good sensitivity (Aitken, Continue reading...