Free Essays on Temperature to Get Inspired & Learn by Example

Boolean expressions are those expressions that evaluate to Boolean values, that is, values that are either of two choices i.e. true or false, 1 or 0, yes or no, etc.. Boolean operators cat on Boolean values and include simple English statements such as AND, OR, and NOT which are denoted as “&&”, “| |”, and “!” respectively (without the quotes). Relational operators can also be used to test Boolean expressions, and they include: > (greater than), < (lesser than), <= (lesser than or equal to), and >= (greater than or equal to).
In order to make decisions on the premise of Boolean Continue reading...

Graphs, Tables, and Calculations

Line graph showing mean annual air temperature for the period between 1975 and 2013
Line graph showing mean annual water temperature for the period between 1975 and 2013
Scatterplot showing the relationship between mean air temperature and mean water temperature
Summary output table from your linear regression analysis of air temperature through time
Summary output table from your linear regression analysis of water temperature
B. Questions
Question 1
The hypothesis of interest is to test whether there is a relationship between the water temperature and the air temperature. The null hypothesis states that there is no significant relationship between Continue reading...

The absolute temperature pertains to the temperature scale measured in kelvin where the zero on the Kelvin scale pertains to the theoretically lowest attainable temperature. This particular temperature scale was established after the observations of a phenomenon that at any given pressure, the plot of the temperature and the volume of a gas follows a straight line. Even with different pressures, the plot is always straight; furthermore, all plots seem to be directed towards a similar y-intercept which is -273.15 ˚C, that is, the temperature value when the volume is zero – or close to zero (Chang & Overby 144).
Theoretically, Continue reading...

Objective: Investigate the effect of increasing temperature on enzyme activity.

Introduction: Enzymes are biological catalyst. All most all the functions in the cell are regulated by these enzymes. Except for RNAase, all most all the enzymes are proteins. Enzymes are very efficient and specific in the reaction they catalyze. All enzymes exhibit four common features: I. Enzymes do not make a reaction to occur; they can only fasten the reaction rate. II. Enzyme molecule is not permanently altered by the reaction, though they may be altered transiently. However at the end of the reaction they emerged unchanged and can be used over and over again. III. Enzyme can catalyze Continue reading...

Global warming is defined as an increase in the average temperature of the planet. This very simple definition has a lot of implications and affects every living thing in the planet. Before it was just a prediction until the people learned to keep records of the temperature in 1880 (Wang & Chameides 1). And after that, the warmest years has occurred. Global warming is related to various natural disasters such as melting of ice caps and rise of sea level.
But before this thing is further discussed, let’s look first at how Earth’s temperature is being controlled. The Continue reading...

Abstract

Coal is known as the main contributor to the rapid development of human civilizations. It is considered as one of the most essential rocks due to its economic and industrial value. However, research indicates that coal is a complex source of pollutants which include several severely harming pollutants. The process of burning coal has been the main cause of the worsening of pollution all over the globe. Coal burning emits minerals and substances that are hazardous and severely damages the air, water, and soil. This research includes an in-depth overview of coal as a source of energy, the pollutants Continue reading...

Biology

Abstract 3
Background 4
1.1 Methods 4
1.2 Evidence 4
1.3 Causes 6
2. Anthropogenic Activity and the Greenhouse Effect 6
2.1 Factors Accelerating Global Warming 7
2.2 Factors Slowing Global Warming 7
3. Possible Scenarios of Global Climate Change 7
4. Effects of Global Warming 8
4.1 Solutions 9
5. Arguments 10
5.1 Arguments against anthropogenic climate change 10
5.2 Arguments for anthropogenic climate change 11
Conclusion 12

References 13

Abstract
Global warming – or climate change as it is now more commonly referred to – has emerged as a hot topic issue in the past thirty years. Old hypotheses are constantly Continue reading...

Introduction

This experiment has two aims. The first aim was to investigate the effect of the type of calorimeter on the temperature change recorded when hot and cold water is mixed. In the second aim, the experiment sought to investigate how the type of a catalyst affects the reaction. The experiment was divided into two main parts: week 1 and week 2. Week 1 was further divided into two parts: part1 and part 2. Part 1 sought to determine the calorimeter constant. On the other hand, part 2 sought to measure the heat of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The research Continue reading...

Summary

In this paper we have discovered the basics of descriptive statistics for statistical data of temperatures in the pots. It was determined which pot has the highest temperature on average and which has the lowest. The basic characteristics of temperature distribution (measures of central tendency and variability) for each section were given. One-sample and Two-sample Student’s t-test were applied to check the difference in AlF3 calculations methods and the amount of cryolite used in manufacturing process. It is appeared, that old and new calculation systems are significantly different from each other. Also, the hypothesis of plant management about Continue reading...

Abstract

Building designs in the tropics are driven by many factors that tend to make the thermal ambient environment comfortable to the inhabitants. The key factors that drive tropical building designs include temperature, humidity, radiation and wind speed. These factors determine the way by which tropical homes are structured, their orientation, openings in the home, window spaces and so forth. Needless to say, culture and tradition of the people is a vital force responsible for building design styles in the tropics. Environmental psychology is a vital concern itself regarding the way the environment affects man. It tends to emphasize on Continue reading...

Question

It is well known that chemical reactions proceed at different speeds under different conditions. One of the main factors known to determine the rates of chemical reactions is the temperature. In this exercise the effect of temperature on the rate of a simple reaction was investigated.

Hypothesis

For a chemical reaction to occur, the particles of the reactants must collide with sufficient energy. An increase of thermal energy (corresponding to a rise in temperature) means that the particles will move more rapidly and collisions will become more numerous. However, the main effect of temperature comes from the increase of the Continue reading...

Question 1: (Metallic Materials)

Recrystallization:
This is the process of growth of grain fragments in an alloy when it’s being worked on. This affects materials properties and services while in use.
Examples such as steel’s properties are affected such that there is reduction in strength and hardness of the material and this affects its applications and behavior in service. Other materials such as copper are affected in the same way.

Hot or cold working:

Hot or cold working involves hardening of materials and also and also heating the material. Iron is an example and is affected by hot working where it can be cast in Continue reading...

Introduction

There are a number of environmental factors that affect plant productivity and growth. One of those factors is temperature. The effect of temperature on a plant will depend on whether the plant is a warm-season plant or a cool-season plant. Adverse temperatures can cause a plant to have stunted growth and poor quality. For example, if the growing temperature is too low for a warm-season plant, it will prevent the plant from fruiting. At temperatures that are too low, the rate of photosynthesis slows down. On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, it can cause pollen Continue reading...

I. Introduction
The main objective of the laboratory activity is to study the relationship between temperature and pressure of vaporization of a fluid. In a normal setting, when a liquid is poured into the container, the liquid evaporates. The molecules escape from the container with the liquid and the liquid form changes into a gaseous state. When the container with the liquid is closed, the transformation from one phase to another phase stops as soon as equilibrium is reached. Under such condition, the evaporation rate is equivalent to the condensation rate.
A measure of vaporization is termed as vapor Continue reading...

1. Although the staff are very accommodating and quite diligent when it comes to carrying out their duties, they do not seem to have had sufficient training with regard to food safety. However, there are several options available to the caterer in order to make sure that the staff are well-trained and educated on food safety. Proper food hygiene training is absolutely necessary for all food handlers. Everyone should undergo it. Nevertheless, training sessions do not have to be overcomplicated or stressful for either side. Trainings could be modified and customized with regard to the group members' specific needs Continue reading...

Abstract

Growth incorporates a uniform increase in the volume of cellular components. All organisms grow as a main biological characteristics. Growth is a factor that can be measured using a number of parameters and determined standards incorporated as well. The reproduction amongst most bacteria take place through binary fission. There are factors affecting growth amongst organisms such as temperature. Since growth depends largely on enzyme activity, which also relies greatly on temperature then the former can be used as a factor of the latter and both can provide reliable information in determining the population growth. Throughout this laboratory evaluation, rates Continue reading...

Climate change was the term used frequently in research articles for over forty years before the term global warming was employed. In 1956, Gilbert N. Plass used the term climatic change in his paper, while it was only in 1975 that the term global warming was used by the author Wallace Broecker. In mass media, global warming and climate change are frequently exchangeable nowadays even though they have dissimilar scientific descriptions.
Global warming pertains to the elevation in the world’s typical exterior temperature from the time of the Industrial Revolution. It is principally attributable to the discharge of Continue reading...

Abstract

Lemons is among the few fruits and vegetable that was found to float in water. An average lemon is heavier than a rice grains. In spite of this, lemons float, while rice grains sink in water. In this study we have demonstrated through experiments that, the ability of an object to float or sink is dependent on its own density and also on the density of the floating medium. It is the density and not weight that determines whether an object floats or sinks in water. By changing the temperature of the medium, we changed the density of water. Continue reading...

Global Temperature

Introduction
The world is experiencing increasing amounts of heat and temperature over the last few decades. This increase in the temperature is referred to as the global temperature. Global temperature is brought about by the concept of global warming. This global warming is refers to the gradual and considerable increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere of the earth, altering the climate of the earth. It is caused primarily by human factors including burning of fossil fuels, which release CFCs to the atmosphere. For this reason, this paper will identify the impact of the human activities on global Continue reading...

(Course name and code)
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1.0 Abstract
The report is divided into two major sections. The first section of the report deals with a discussion about fundamental physical quantities together with their SI units. The quantities highlighted in the report include Mass, length, time, temperature and plane angle. A discussion of the derived physical quantities together with their units has also been presented in clear detail. The second part of the report focuses on providing a discussion of two machines that apply thermodynamics and are used in oil and gas industry. The machines identified to apply Continue reading...

Abstract

Three tests were made on the kerosene sample: (a) determining hydrogen content by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance [NMR], (b) determination of viscosity by U-tube viscometer, and (c) flash point determination by Pensky-Marten closed-cup tester. Results suggest that the kerosene sample has 13.73% hydrogen content, 7.706 mm2/s kinematic viscosity at -20°C (extrapolated using Sutherland Viscosity Law), and 52-53°C flash point. These parameters characterized the kerosene sample as aviation fuel in terms of heating value, degree of saturation, pressure drop in fuel lines, pumping characteristics and safe handling. All parameters passed the standards derived from aviation literature. These parameters could Continue reading...

Abstract

In the laboratory assignment, the experimental investigation of the distillation process is performed. The mixture of dichloromethane and trichloroethylene was separated using the glass distillation column. The influence of power input on temperatures and column flow rate was investigated. Apparently, the power input increases the efficiency of the process. The experiment had three main tasks: study of the variation of the pressure drop, application of refractometer as an express method of binary mixture composition analysis, and estimation of the column efficiency.
It has been proven that the boil-up rate is directly proportional to pressure drop. Although there is some Continue reading...

Introduction

Most animals show rhythms in their activity. These activities vary based on the period within of the day. The experiment involves a Syrian Hamster in a cage. It is one year old and female with brown hair. The Syrian Hamster is known to exhibit certain characters while in captivity. The behaviors of the animal are monitored over a period time. The feeding, burrowing, sleeping, urinating, housekeeping, chewing and running tendencies of the Syrian Hamster is monitored over a period of time. The experiment will assess the behavior of the animal in the presence of light and the absence of Continue reading...

The aim of this experiment is to investigate the reason of poisoning in a patient whether from mineral bottled water and a saline drip by using ICP-MS and ICP-OES.
A patient was found suffered from excessive Sodium levels in his body. A recently given saline drip was assumed to be a reason, so two saline drips have been investigated. Another reason for this toxicity is that the patients may have consumed it through bottled mineral water. To solve the problem, it is necessary to measure the Sodium levels in saline drips. The evaluation of toxic metal is required to Continue reading...

Global warming can be defined as the increasing temperature on the earth’s surface. This climatic change on earth is continuous and is produced by the manmade chemicals. The major cause of the global warming is the carbon dioxide in excess and chlorofluorocarbon CFCs along with some other pollutants. These pollutants increase the temperature on the earth by trapping the heat energy and retaining it on earth. However, in the absence of these pollutants, this heat energy would have escape from the earth. Consequently, the elevated temperature can cause serious consequences for the economy, health, physical and biological life Continue reading...

Abstract:

Climate change is the shifting of the weather patterns and conditions characterized by the various indicators. It is also identified with the shifting of the average conditions of the weather and occurrence of extreme events. The climate of the Earth is affected by natural factors that externally induce changes to the cycle of the climate. The phenomenon of climate change is not a new thing. In fact, it has occurred many times in the historical periods. The various causes that trigger climate change are associated with various factors. There are two major contributory factors for climate change that includes Continue reading...

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a weather phenomenon that illustrates the cycle of temperature change in the ocean’s surface. Essentially, the ENSO is a fluctuation of the ocean temperature in the Pacific Ocean, particularly the surface of the water found in the equatorial region. When the water’s temperature is warm, it is in the El Niño phase. On the other hand, when the water’s temperature is cool, it is in the La Niña phase. To determine the phase of oscillation, it is based on the sea surface temperatures (SST). Aside from Continue reading...

The discussion below focus on medicinal plants and their importance. These plants include sea weed, American gingseng, Aloe Vera, Achillea millefolium, and black cohosh.

Sea Weed

Geographical distribution
Sea weed are found in all oceans.
Ecology
Habitat type
Sea weeds are aquatic plants. Some are suspended in water, for example phytoplankton while others like are submerged. Temperature

Sea weeds can tolerate a wide ranges of temperature. They grows at a water temperature ranging from 2 °C to 30 °C

Soil type
Sea weed grows in sandy soil in oceans. The diagram in the next page shows a photograph of sea weed.
Figure 1. Sea weed (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Department, 2014).

American Ginseng

Geographical distribution
Ginseng is extensively distributed in the East of North America. Continue reading...

Sun is an important heavenly body that exists in the solar system. Because of its existence, other planets and stars are moving appropriately in their orbits. The sun produces a large quantity of heat and light which is a source of energy for other planets including the Earth. Scientists have worked upon for so many years upon the working of the Sun. how does the sun produce light and heat. How does the sun produce light and heat? How does it provide energy?
The sun is a combination of an ample of gasses, which when combined results in various Continue reading...

Global warming refers to the non-accepted change in the climate or rather an increase in the net temperature resulting into unwanted effects in the environment. Today, the entire world is facing with the global issue of Global Warming. The occurrences of global warming can rise due to several changes in the natural events and even due to the human activities that are polluting the environment in one or the other way (Allen, 2006).
However, several environmentalists confirm that, such changes in the climate are happening due to unwanted manufacturing and industrial activities that are directly polluting the environment. The Continue reading...

Earth’s climate has undergone a lot of changes ever since it was formed about 4.5 billion years ago. It was hard to picture the condition of the planet during those millions of years ago, but we have an idea of what the Earth’s climate was like back then because of the clues that remained on rocks, fossils, trees etc. (EPA, 2015). According to National Geographic (2015), scientists were able to find chemical evidence of ice age from sediments and sedimentary rocks. The presence of rocks that formed from glacial material, in the ocean was also a clue Continue reading...

[The electron flow will be from the steel on the left to the brass on the right. The steel is undergoing oxidation, not the brass, so the steel will corrode. ]
When two different materials are welded or bolted in an electrolyte (sea water) the uncoupled corrosion rate of the least noble (anodic positive) is increased, and the uncoupled corrosion rate of the noble (cathodic negative) is decreases.

P0 is penetration of anodic metal without coupling
E (cell) = ER - EL Where, E cell is the potential of cell, ER is the right side electrode potential, and
EL is the Continue reading...

CourseProfessorInstitutionDate

ENERGY AUDIT FOR A RESIDENTIAL HOUSE
Introduction
Energy conservation is desirable for both economic and environmental reasons. Efficient energy use reduces the energy drawn from the mains. Reduction of the power load per home means that the utility company will have to supply less power to the residential estates. The utility company in turn will undertake less carbon emitting energy production activities. Efficient energy use will reduce the carbon footprint of individual residential houses and the utility company. Reduction of toxic emissions will decelerate air pollution, which leads to global warming that causes a rise in sea levels due Continue reading...

Section 1

Introduction
It is a part of the job of an energy manager that he minimizes the energy loss of the building by controlling the ambient temperature of the building or different parts of the building. In order to maintain the temperature and save valuable energy, a data acquisition and monitoring system is needed that will display the ambient temperature with the help of sensors. This supervisory control system will be designed to control the remote infrastructure that handles the heating system. The energy manager will be in control of this system. First the data of the room will be Continue reading...

Abstract

Climate change is a phenomenon that takes place cyclically every few hundred thousand years. However, what sets apart the climate change of this century is that the climactic change has largely been an outcome of human activities, which have given rise to the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased temperature of earth has made observable impacts already, including melting of mountain glaciers, heavy downpours, extreme flooding and droughts, depletion and degradation of natural resources, and an increase in natural calamities. All these effects put together pose a threat to the survival of biodiversity. For the sustenance of biodiversity, Continue reading...

The Earth's atmosphere consists essentially of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). 1% mostly belongs to argon and other substances. These gases are transparent to sunlight passing through them and heat the Earth's surface. Warm earth and oceans in their turn heat the lower part of the atmosphere. Part of this heat re-enters the space. If this is all over, the average temperature on Earth would not exceed -18 ° C instead of the current 15 ° C.
The temperature at the surface of the Earth is the result of an equilibrium established between radiation coming from the sun and the energy Continue reading...

Nuclear Reactor and its Basic Structure

Ever since the development of the first “generation” of commercially produced nuclear reactors in the 1950s, scientists and nuclear physicists have strived to improve the safety and efficiency standards of nuclear energy to make it less costly but more viable to those who want to harness this type of technology.
The World Nuclear Association (2015) defined an nuclear reactor as the one that is splits the atoms of certain radioactive elements or the fission of the atoms, control the reaction caused by nuclear fission, and harness the energy produced by the splitting and control to convert it to electricity. Continue reading...

Experiment 1 (Drilling Fluid Mud Density)

Definition: The drilling fluid term refers to the technic used for facilitation of drilling boreholes, and to improve all necessary functions needed for a fine drilling.

Results:

Results:
(The weight of Mud *0.052)= Gradient of Mud in psi/ft.
(The weight of Mud in lb/ft3)/144=mud gradient in psi/ft.

Water:

(Mud gradient) 8.3*0.052 =0.432 psi/ft.
(Mud gradient) 64/144 =0.044 psi/ft.

Mud sample No1:

(Mud gradient) 9.13*0.052=0.475 psi/ft.
(Mud gradient) 69/144=0.480 psi/ft.

Mud sample 2:

(Mud gradient) 10*.052=0.520 psi/ft.
(Mud gradient) 76/144=0.530 psi/ft.

Calculation: For calculation of the Density and Mud gradient, the following formulas were used.

Density= (lb/gal)/ 8.345.
Mud gradient= (lb/gal)/ 19.24.

Volume and mass

Density:
Fresh Water: 8.3/8.345 = 1.0 (S.G)
Mud sample1: 9.13/8.345=1.1 (S.G)
Mud sample 2: 10/8.345=1.20 ( Continue reading...

A Study on the effects of Squeeze Pressure on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, and Wear Characteristics of Near-Eutectic Al-Si Piston Alloys with variable Cu contents.

Abstract:

This paper discusses the effects of squeeze pressure on the microstructure, wear characteristics and the mechanical properties of near eutectic Al-Si piston alloys with variable Copper (Cu) content. The paper starts with a description of Al-Si alloys and the features that make them desirable for use as piston alloys. The impact of alloying elements on the mechanical properties, microstructure and wear characteristics are also discussed where it is determined that adding alloying elements such as Continue reading...

Introduction

Climate change is a natural phenomenon that takes place cyclically every few hundred thousand years. However, unlike the past occurrences of climate change, what sets apart the climactic change of this century is that it is more of an outcome of human activities. Owing to the callousness of human beings and total disregard to the environment, the amount of greenhouse gases, including Methane, CO, CO2, water vapor and Ozone, has increased in the atmosphere considerably, leading to global warming (TNC, 2015). The increased temperature of the earth has already made noticeable impacts, including torrential downpours, melting of mountain glaciers, Continue reading...

As an example of Physics in our daily life activities we can consider the interaction between our foot and the road when we walk. According to Newton`s third law for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force. (Harris, W., n.d.). Force is the pull or push needed to do a work. A force exists as a result of interaction, whenever there is an interaction between the two objects there is a force acting upon each object. When one object exerts a force on the second object, the second object also exerts an equal and Continue reading...

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Integrated Firefighting Helmet

KEYWORDS

OBJECTIVE
The object of this paper is to ascertain the safety standards of the firefighting helmets. Specifically, this paper attempts to determine if there are any upper limits to the weight of the helmets. The research will be directed to determine if there is any optimal distribution recommended for the mass of the firefighting helmets. The fabrication process will be examined which support such standards which are recommended for the safety and security of firefighting personnel.

Research Questions

Precisely, this research is conducted to determine the strengths of the firefighting helmets and the impact Continue reading...

In general, since the 19th century, electricity fits into the life of modern civilization. Electricity is used not only for lighting, but also for the transmission of information (telegraph , telephone, radio, television), as well as for driving mechanisms in motion (motor), which is widely used in transport (tram, metro, trolley, train). Previous century can rightly be called the century of electricity. Electrons are easy to manipulate, so it is electricity in the first place was the breeding ground for the creation of new technologies. Age of electricity has led to the emergence of radio, television, computers, lasers, magnetic resonance Continue reading...

Introduction

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a process that amplifies a selected region of DNA using oligonucleotides called primers. The selected region of DNA undergoes numerous cycles of denaturation, annealing, and extension, which doubles the number of amplicon each time. In each cycle, the temperature varies to allow each step to occur: (a) first, denaturation is achieved using high temperature to separate the two strands of the DNA; (b) second, the temperature is brought down to a specific temperature to allow the primers to bind to their recognized sites; and (c) third, the temperature is brought up to the optimal Continue reading...

EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON THE CORAL REEFS

Global warming is having derogatory effects on the marine environment. Even an increase of 1 degree Celsius of temperature in the sea will lead to wiping out of the coral reefs which are natural homes for many underwater animals (Nwf.org, 2015). Increase in temperature leads to “coral bleaching” or separation of algae from the corals (Floridakeys.noaa.gov, 2015). The algae and the coral reefs otherwise have a symbiotic relationship between the two, but the increase in the temperature of the oceanic water the algae gets detached from the coral reefs, thus making the corals white in color. The corals this Continue reading...

Heat transfer in water is the exchange of thermal energy between water medium depending on the temperature and pressure by dissipating heat. Basic rules determining heat transfer are that, there must be a temperature difference between the media. Also, heat will always be redeployed from a hot medium to a cold medium. Finally, the heat lost by a hot medium is equal to the amount of heat gained by the cold medium, except losses to the surrounding environment. Water heat exchange is a fluid device that efficiently transfers heat from one medium to another. It can occur directly by Continue reading...

According to Bennett (n.d.), the most significant food source of humans are plants because of the nutrients, minerals, and vitamins that can be obtained from them. Some of the main sources of food sources include wheat (Triticum aestivum), rice (Oryza sativa), maize (Zea mays), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.).
Figure 1. Wheat (Huffpost Living, 2012)
Triticum aestivum is commonly found in temperate climates. However, they were originally cultivated in the Mediterranean region and the areas southwest of Asia (Encyclopedia of Life, n.d.). In terms of ecology, wheat is known to withstand up to 1.9 to Continue reading...

What are the current leading indicators of climate change as well as the leading causes of global climate change?

Indicators of climate change: Rise in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere, rise in the global surface temperature, rise in sea surface temperature, increase in the extreme climate events, increase in the sea surface temperature, rise in the mean global sea level are the leading indicators of climate change.
Leading causes of global climate change: Environmental scientists identified both the natural and manmade factors behind the global climate change. The leading causes that induce global climate change are: Changes in greenhouse effect in the earth`s atmosphere, change in the intensity of Sun`s energy reaching the earth, changes Continue reading...

Question 1 A spider silk refers to a protein fiber spun. Spiders use the silk to make webs. Spider silks are like biopolymers because they are protein based. These are thread and filaments secreted by epithelial cells. The liquid crystalline formed spider silk has mechanical properties. It is achieved by processing fibers and crystallizing artificial protein constituents and accelerating the process using auxiliary compounds. These auxiliary compounds include certain temperatures and various solutions such as water and also solutions of the main compound the dope solution of proteins. It is subsequently discussed in the works belowQuestion 2 Production of Continue reading...

Introduction

Milk and milk products are widely used as food items universally. Whole milk is very rich in nutrients. This fact explains why young ones of lactating animals are able to survive exclusively on milk for some period of time. In addition to being nutritious, milk secreted into the udder of a healthy cow is usually sterile (Jay, Golden, Jay-Loessner-Golden, and Loessner, 2005). Unlike other food substances, milk has no native flora. However, it is important to note that once in the udder, the milk may not be necessarily free from bacteria especially if the cow is infected with a Continue reading...

The basic issue currently being faced by humanity throughout the world is “Environmental Pollution”. Regardless of the billions and trillions spent on reducing the environmental pollution, we always find a way to increase it by other means.
The book chosen was “The Monkey Wrench Gang”, which is always considered as one of the greatest works of the author Edward Abbey. The book was chosen as it is one of the most famous books on environmental pollution issues and because the author, Edward Abbey, was himself an environmentalist.
This book directly or indirectly led to the birth of various environmental Continue reading...

The country of Iceland, also called as the Land of Ice and Fire, has become one of the leading sources of geothermal energy in the world. For over the years, Iceland has become a primary contributor for geothermal power for the whole United States. Ironically, Iceland is being coined as the Land of Ice and Fire because of its numerous degree of volcanism that had brought sufficient amount of heat and power as means to harness geothermal energy from the ground. In addition, an article written by Ping Zhou on About.com entitled “Geothermal Energy in Iceland: Harnessing The Volcanic Continue reading...

Pollution is not just adversely affecting the residents of earth but the earth as well. The increase in concentration of carbon dioxide gas and CFCs causes the greenhouse effect which results in the gradual increase of overall earth’s temperature. The variation in temperature tends to affect the climate. It is the characteristic of carbon dioxide gas that it forms a cushion around the planet which lets the sun’s heat to penetrate in but traps the earth’s heat to escape in the outer space. As a consequence earth is becoming warmer each day. The first 6 miles Continue reading...

Background:

Concrete slabs used in the many construction sites are evaluated for their ability to resist fire. The fast paced advances in the structural engineering and design with regards to fire safety induced the need for a more precise and accurate information and theoretical background for concrete behaviors during fires [1]. The many cases of fire on concretes reported was found out to be due to the thermal instability of concrete structures when subjected to accidental fire called “spalling”. Spalling is the phenomenon where concrete is ejected during fire thereby resulting to the complete reduction of the cross-section resistance and Continue reading...

Introduction

There is real evidence that human activity contributes to the accumulation of "greenhouse gases" in the atmosphere, which leads to a gradual increase in air temperature on a global scale. In particular, carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide) produced by burning fossil fuels, electricity or cutting and burning of forests. The process of accumulation of greenhouse gases, including methane, nitrous oxide and other, went so far that the planet faces a real risk of massive and potentially devastating effects. The effect of greenhouse gases on global warming is, in my opinion, the most important environmental issue facing the world today (Ramanathan, Continue reading...

Various factors affect climate in the region. In Chapter 5 of the text, we studied properties of water within the context of the earth’s climate system, as well as relevant topics such as humidity, saturation, and atmospheric stability. Based on the reading, one of the factors that impact climate include clouds. Essentially, clouds impact climate because they affect and regulate humidity and saturation, and most importantly, the stability of the atmosphere. Hence, since clouds affect these conditions, they may also affect prevailing weather conditions in a region or territory over a long period.
Clouds impact climate due to Continue reading...

Introduction

There are often changes during chemical reactions involving solids and aqueous solutions. These changes are due to the reaction between the different properties of the liquid and the solid materials, which result in an increase or reduction in temperatures.
These reactions are usually observed using specialized laboratory equipments, which normally maintain certain environmental conditions. This gives a report concerning an experiment that used a calorimeter to measure the amount of heat which was released or absorbed during a chemical process (Harmathy, 1985). This will be measured using a calorimeter, which will record the rise or drop in temperature as Continue reading...

Diffusion, osmosis, and functional significance of biological membranes

Abstract
Diffusion is the process in which substances move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. If a semipermeable membrane is involved in this movement then this process is known as Osmosis. Semipermeable membrane is any biological membrane in the body that is selectively permeable. These membranes protect the cell from external environment. These are also involved in the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. This movement of molecules result in the differences in concentration until an equilibrium is established. In this research, we have done experiments on Elodea cells to Continue reading...

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Antarctica has been considered to be the world’s coldest place. However, little is known about Verkhoyansk. Verkhoyansk boasts as the only habitable place with extreme temperature range in the world. Located in Siberia, Eastern region of Russia, Verkhoyansk experiences low temperatures during winter season with exceptional high temperatures between summer and winter (Werner 55). The lowest temperature recorded in the area was −69.8 °C (−94 °F) in 1982, while the highest temperature was 37.3 °C (99 °F). The figures provided the world’s highest temperature span of 107 °C (193 °F) (Werner 56). The Continue reading...

Global climate change is one of the greatest economic and environmental threats of the planet. It is central to the future of the world’s coasts since the rising sea level caused by global warming amplifies coastal erosion, the melting of ice caps and glaciers and the destruction of ecosystems. The phenomenon of global changes in the climate relate to the increase in the levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Human activities produce eight billion tons of carbon dioxide every year. Since the potential risks of climate change are serious and the fossil fuels Continue reading...