Free Essays on Immunity to Get Inspired & Learn by Example

Essay 1. Immune Systems

There are two major groups of foreign substances and microscopic organisms that the immune system of the body could distinguished. The first group are the antigens that are freely moving around the body which includes viruses and foreign cells. The second group are the cells displaying aberrant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins (Brito & Hinton, 1993). These cells includes self-cells which are invaded by the tumor cells and pathogens. In general, humoral immune response recognizes the antigens that are freely circulating around the body while the cell-mediated response recognizes the cells displaying aberrant MHC proteins (Rosenberg & Gallin, 1999).
The humoral Continue reading...

In this study, we show that S4 gene is followed by an overlapping immunity gene and that purified S4 recognizes the FpvA receptor just as S2.

Abstract.

In this study, the nucleic acid sequence at the locations 4327697-4327359 of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (POA1) genome will not be annotated. However, it has been predicted that this region encodes the immunity gene of the nearby S4 gene (PA3866) based on the current analysis of the genome sequence. RT-PCR will be used to detect the expression of the immunity gene. In addition, the downstream gene coding for the immunity protein and the PA3866 Continue reading...

We live in modern world, where human face with such problem as communicable disease. Communicable disease – infection caused by several microorganisms. As we live our normal life human body can be in danger twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. This is explained with infection ability to spread. Some recent studies pointed out common threats, which can afflict modern communities. Those threats are: tuberculosis, influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), HIV/AIDS. (Rothman, Hsieh and Yang). To prevent each threat, some actions have to be taken. To prevent active tuberculosis from attacking human body many doctors recommend to take Continue reading...

Cryptosporidium parvum is a waterborne disease caused by drinking or swallowing contaminated water. Aside from that, it also spreads by eating uncooked food and coming in contact with the feces of infected individuals or animals. The number of cases of Cryptosporidium reported in 2010 was 8,951. The usual rate of reported cases of Cryptosporidium is between 2.3% and 3.9% per 100,000 populations. However, the estimated number shows that the frequency of infection is 100 times higher than the number of reported cases. Cryptosporidium, which is a protozoan parasite, has its present everywhere around the world except Antarctica Continue reading...

The right to silence, also known as the privilege against self-incrimination refers to two distinct but deeply related liberties. The privilege against self-incrimination concerns the general principle of English law that a person is innocent until proven guilty and that it is the duty of the prosecution to prove their case against any person they suspect of committing a crime. Accordingly, the suspect has no obligation to voluntarily provide the prosecution with evidence that will or might be self-incriminating or assist in their prosecution. The right to silence, on the other hand, not only allows a person to refuse Continue reading...

An overview of antimicrobial typology

Introduction
The term antimicrobial is an umbrella term referring to a wide array of pharmaceutical agents that are active against different micro organisms including, bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The name has its origin in the three Greek words, anti (against), mikros (little) and bios (life).
There are several ways by which antimicrobial agents may be classified. This work provides a brief overview of various categories of antimicrobial agents in use and underlines the importance of appropriate antimicrobial treatment.

Antibiotics

The name antibiotic is often used synonymously with antimicrobial. However, the term antibiotic refers to drugs which are sourced from Continue reading...

Scientific advancements aim to improve peoples’ ways of living. Scientists and academics provide us with options and alternatives to go through our daily lives. Though they mean well, their innovations take years to be accepted. As illustrated by E.M. Rogers in his Diffusion of Innovations theory, society cannot easily adopt innovations. A recent example is the acceptance of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) and their food products.
GMOs are used to improve the quality and quantity of food, while lowering the prices. Both producers and consumers should be able to benefit from this technology. GM plants and/or animals are more Continue reading...

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Largely, during organogenesis in utero and briefly during adult life, bone marrow is responsible for the supply of lymphocyte precursors. The cell population in the thymus is transformed into T-Lymphocytes under the effect of environmental factors. While unlike birds, mammals are devoid of bursa and B Lymphocytes transformation is exclusive to liver in utero and bone marrow after birth. These processed T and B Lymphocytes then migrate to the lymph nodes from their respective originating tissues. Morphologically it is impossible to differentiate T Continue reading...

Staphylococci

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Foodborne diseases are common in all parts of the world. Foodborne diseases are associated with the food consumed. These diseases can be categorized into two forms based on the cause of the disease. Food intoxication or food poisoning and food infection are the two divisions of the foodborne diseases. Food intoxication is the result of consumption of toxins along with the food. Toxins can be produced by the bacteria, fungi, or they may be already present in the food, for instance, some mushrooms are toxic. These mushrooms Continue reading...

Introduction

Police is a law enforcement institution that serves to ensure social justice, peace, and morality. Its task is to fight social ills like assault and battery, rape, murders, assassination attempts, burglaries, car thefts, drug trafficking, and other malfeasances committed by people trespassing on law and the codes of ethics and moral. Still, when it is police officers who commit crimes, social safety becomes difficult to guarantee, if not impossible in the sense that police is one of the major establishments in charge of maintaining peace and ensuring social safety. Multiple efforts have been made by scholars of analyzing police Continue reading...