Free Essays on Immunity to Get Inspired & Learn by Example

Background

Cellular immunity is an immune response in which the protection function of immunization is attributed to cells. It occurs when phagocytes and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are activated to respond to an antigen in the body. The centrality of CD4 cells and T cells in the prevention of pathogens cannot be gainsaid. In cellular immunity, cytotoxic T cells use cytokines to kill apoptosis (Cooper & Khader, 2008). Humoral immunity is the immune response in which the protection function of immunization is attributed to the humor. Macromolecules in extracellular fluids mediate humoral immunity. These fluids include antibodies, peptides and complement proteins. The processes Continue reading...

ID Number

INTRODUCTION

Diplomatic immunity is an international law offering protection to foreign officials of the government from court jurisdiction and jurisdiction over authorities. The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations of 1961, as well as the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations of 1963, organized a lot of the modern consular and diplomatic practices, as well as diplomatic immunity. Over 160 countries participated in these agreements. The conventions provided protection to individuals based on their position in a diplomatic assignment or consular rank and based on the need for protection in conducting their duties. For instance, political specialists and individuals from Continue reading...

Vaccines

Vaccines

Introduction

A vaccination is an artificial immunity provider which enhances the immunity system of children and adults to a particular disease. A vaccine is prepared by killing a microbe, its surface proteins or toxins and consists of an agent that is similar to the microorganism present in the disease for which a vaccine is developed. Through vaccination, the agent is able to stimulate the immune system of the body to recognize this agent as a major threat, harm and destroy it and keep a record of it so that if it attacks the next time, an individual immune system Continue reading...

Essay 1. Immune Systems

There are two major groups of foreign substances and microscopic organisms that the immune system of the body could distinguished. The first group are the antigens that are freely moving around the body which includes viruses and foreign cells. The second group are the cells displaying aberrant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins (Brito & Hinton, 1993). These cells includes self-cells which are invaded by the tumor cells and pathogens. In general, humoral immune response recognizes the antigens that are freely circulating around the body while the cell-mediated response recognizes the cells displaying aberrant MHC proteins (Rosenberg & Gallin, 1999).
The humoral Continue reading...

In this study, we show that S4 gene is followed by an overlapping immunity gene and that purified S4 recognizes the FpvA receptor just as S2.

Abstract.

In this study, the nucleic acid sequence at the locations 4327697-4327359 of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (POA1) genome will not be annotated. However, it has been predicted that this region encodes the immunity gene of the nearby S4 gene (PA3866) based on the current analysis of the genome sequence. RT-PCR will be used to detect the expression of the immunity gene. In addition, the downstream gene coding for the immunity protein and the PA3866 Continue reading...

We live in modern world, where human face with such problem as communicable disease. Communicable disease – infection caused by several microorganisms. As we live our normal life human body can be in danger twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. This is explained with infection ability to spread. Some recent studies pointed out common threats, which can afflict modern communities. Those threats are: tuberculosis, influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), HIV/AIDS. (Rothman, Hsieh and Yang). To prevent each threat, some actions have to be taken. To prevent active tuberculosis from attacking human body many doctors recommend to take Continue reading...

Intended audience: Congress

The paper’s purpose: Congress should make the vaccination of the school-aged children mandatory due to the fact that the specific prevention methods are becoming increasingly important at the struggle with infectious diseases.

Works Cited

The article "Efficacy And Safety Of The RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccine During 18 Months After Vaccination: A Phase 3 Randomized, Controlled Trial In Children And Young Infants At 11 African Sites" reports on the outcomes of the investigations of the vaccination of children who could possibly suffer from Malaria (Meñaca 9). During 18 months, the scholars investigated the following three stages of the vaccination, which Continue reading...

IMMUNITY

IMMUNITY

The human body has the ability to fight against any microorganism that attacks the system and hence is capable of protecting itself from numbers of diseases. The body has two types of immunity, the specific and the non specific one. The non specific one is basically the innate ability of the body to fight against any invading antigen. These defenses are the natural protective layer the body has, for example, the skin and the mucous membrane. The skin acts as a barrier to millions of microbes that are surrounding us all along. Similarly, the mucous membrane has certain Continue reading...

The American Exchange, more commonly known as the Columbian Exchange, profoundly affected the modern world between 1500 and 1800 at both the micro and macro levels. Historians consider the American Exchange to be one of the most significant events in world history because of its profound impact on the culture, ecology, and culture of the modern world. They deploy this phrase to describe the diffuse exchange of flora, fauna, human populations, foods, communicable diseases, and ideas between the Western and Eastern hemispheres subsequent to the “discovery” of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492. Many novel goods freely flowed Continue reading...

Cryptosporidium parvum is a waterborne disease caused by drinking or swallowing contaminated water. Aside from that, it also spreads by eating uncooked food and coming in contact with the feces of infected individuals or animals. The number of cases of Cryptosporidium reported in 2010 was 8,951. The usual rate of reported cases of Cryptosporidium is between 2.3% and 3.9% per 100,000 populations. However, the estimated number shows that the frequency of infection is 100 times higher than the number of reported cases. Cryptosporidium, which is a protozoan parasite, has its present everywhere around the world except Antarctica Continue reading...

The right to silence, also known as the privilege against self-incrimination refers to two distinct but deeply related liberties. The privilege against self-incrimination concerns the general principle of English law that a person is innocent until proven guilty and that it is the duty of the prosecution to prove their case against any person they suspect of committing a crime. Accordingly, the suspect has no obligation to voluntarily provide the prosecution with evidence that will or might be self-incriminating or assist in their prosecution. The right to silence, on the other hand, not only allows a person to refuse Continue reading...

Literature Review

Introduction
Discussion of the existing literature on the preventions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), find cases of HIV-exposed seronegative individuals frequently considered representative models of novel prevention efforts. Reference to individuals demonstrating innate natural resistance to HIV infection identify as HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN) [1]. Despite the advances in the study of management of HESN of the HIV infection, none of the associations related with resistance to HIV infection including multiple genetic and immune factors account for all cases of HIV-exposed seronegativity [2].
Paul McLaren and his colleagues write of their findings of the potential mechanisms of resistance to HIV Continue reading...

Management of Varicella Zoster in Skilled Nursing Facilities

Introduction:
Nursing Facilities are usually the home for elder people. It is evident that the global population is aging. It is a natural process that no one can ever stop. Early in the 20th century the life expectancy of most Americans was up only to 47 years old. But as modernization happens along with the discovery of medicinal plants and the building of medical facilities, the American life expectance has raised to about 76-80 years old in the beginning of the 21st century (Lassi et. al., 2014).
However, with the fact that the human body is aging infectious and Continue reading...

Introduction

Christopher Columbus discovered America is not just - it marked the beginning of the interpenetration of two cultures that have existed for a long time apart from each other. But if the people of the Old World are not only rich, but also received two huge continents for settlement, the Indians put these contacts on the brink of destruction. Let's try to figure out why it happened.
When the expedition of Columbus reached the Caribbean islands, the population of the Americas was a race no less numerous than the Europeans, but much more fragmented. Centers of civilization of Aztecs, Continue reading...

An overview of antimicrobial typology

Introduction
The term antimicrobial is an umbrella term referring to a wide array of pharmaceutical agents that are active against different micro organisms including, bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The name has its origin in the three Greek words, anti (against), mikros (little) and bios (life).
There are several ways by which antimicrobial agents may be classified. This work provides a brief overview of various categories of antimicrobial agents in use and underlines the importance of appropriate antimicrobial treatment.

Antibiotics

The name antibiotic is often used synonymously with antimicrobial. However, the term antibiotic refers to drugs which are sourced from Continue reading...

In January this year, Michigan confirmed reports that measles, a highly-contagious infectious disease, has finally reached Michigan, which was originally determined to have begun in California’s Disneyland. Based on reports, the infected individual is an adult who lives in Oakland, Michigan. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Michigan joins the ranks of seven other states that reported having at least one infected patient. The CDC further stated that measles is a highly preventable communicable disease because of the availability of a vaccine for the disease. The Michigan Department of Community Health (MDCH) remains Continue reading...

Abstract

Coal is known as the main contributor to the rapid development of human civilizations. It is considered as one of the most essential rocks due to its economic and industrial value. However, research indicates that coal is a complex source of pollutants which include several severely harming pollutants. The process of burning coal has been the main cause of the worsening of pollution all over the globe. Coal burning emits minerals and substances that are hazardous and severely damages the air, water, and soil. This research includes an in-depth overview of coal as a source of energy, the pollutants Continue reading...

Metabolic Physiology of Domestic Animals

Introduction
For domestic animals such as cattle to have sound immune systems they need to have vitamin and mineral nutrition in the diets. Some of the minerals such Selenium is naturally found in animal feeds, but they can be manufactured through the use of residue from the manufacture of copper. Good nutrition in animals help in their growth and development thus there is a need to ensure that the cattle feeds has the right quantity of vitamins and minerals. The nutrition also helps in calf weight gain and reproductive performance. One of the most recommended minerals in domestic animals Continue reading...

Definition of Disease Process: 3

Disease process of HIV 3
Acute infection stage 4
Clinical latency stage 5
AIDS 5
Diagnosis 5
Prognosis 6
Treatment 6
Signs and Symptoms 6
Nursing Diagnosis 7
Immune System 7
Integumentary System 8
Respiratory System 8
Nervous System 9
GI System 9
Endocrine System 9
Urinary System 10
Cardiovascular System 10
Reproductive System 10
Musculoskeletal System 11
Conclusion 11

Works cited 12

Definition of Disease Process:
Disease process of HIV
Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes one of the most severe deficiency disorders affecting the immune system. HIV positive person has AIDS or Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. If the HIV is treated at Continue reading...

Abstract

As a law enforcement agency and a guardian of laws, police should be a bastion of moral beliefs and convictions that can resist any temptation to trespass on professional ethics and criminal law. Still, officers are often caught engaging in what is preferential treatment towards the residents of high social status or relatives. Whether under pressure or in attempts to win the favor of fellow officers higher in rank, morally and ethically unsound officers commit the crime. Officers often seem to have nothing else to do other than shut their vigilant eyes to minor crimes perpetrated by the wives Continue reading...

Scientific advancements aim to improve peoples’ ways of living. Scientists and academics provide us with options and alternatives to go through our daily lives. Though they mean well, their innovations take years to be accepted. As illustrated by E.M. Rogers in his Diffusion of Innovations theory, society cannot easily adopt innovations. A recent example is the acceptance of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) and their food products.
GMOs are used to improve the quality and quantity of food, while lowering the prices. Both producers and consumers should be able to benefit from this technology. GM plants and/or animals are more Continue reading...

[Your Name Appears here]
[Your section appears here]
[Professor’s name appears here]
[Date Appears here]

Largely, during organogenesis in utero and briefly during adult life, bone marrow is responsible for the supply of lymphocyte precursors. The cell population in the thymus is transformed into T-Lymphocytes under the effect of environmental factors. While unlike birds, mammals are devoid of bursa and B Lymphocytes transformation is exclusive to liver in utero and bone marrow after birth. These processed T and B Lymphocytes then migrate to the lymph nodes from their respective originating tissues. Morphologically it is impossible to differentiate T Continue reading...

Staphylococci

<Student Name>
<Name and Section # of course>
<Instructor Name>
Foodborne diseases are common in all parts of the world. Foodborne diseases are associated with the food consumed. These diseases can be categorized into two forms based on the cause of the disease. Food intoxication or food poisoning and food infection are the two divisions of the foodborne diseases. Food intoxication is the result of consumption of toxins along with the food. Toxins can be produced by the bacteria, fungi, or they may be already present in the food, for instance, some mushrooms are toxic. These mushrooms Continue reading...

Introduction

Police is a law enforcement institution that serves to ensure social justice, peace, and morality. Its task is to fight social ills like assault and battery, rape, murders, assassination attempts, burglaries, car thefts, drug trafficking, and other malfeasances committed by people trespassing on law and the codes of ethics and moral. Still, when it is police officers who commit crimes, social safety becomes difficult to guarantee, if not impossible in the sense that police is one of the major establishments in charge of maintaining peace and ensuring social safety. Multiple efforts have been made by scholars of analyzing police Continue reading...

Congress should make vaccines mandatory for all children entering school for several reasons. There has been a lot of controversy surrounding this issue in recent years; many parents believe the vaccinations have serious side effects while others are adamant about the inoculations because of their obvious health benefits. The government has yet to step in and the results have been dire. Parents are now allowed to negate vaccinating their children in many states, even as they enter school, under the guise that it violates their personal rights . In fact, all but two states in America allow this exemption, meaning Continue reading...

Influenza is a viral disease which causes fever, fatigue, body aches, cough, sore and dry throat, lack of appetite. The person affected by influenza faces these symptoms and become less active and tired more than usual. Every year people get affected by influenza virus because the strains of the viruses leep on changing hence, every year people become ill due to the new viral strain. This influenza is caused by mainly different strains of influenza virus A and B.
The influenza pandemic that occurred in 1918 was very severe because it caused devastation in people health since, 50 million Continue reading...

The aging community is on the rise and apart from the chronic diseases, the seniors have to deal with other issues like memory loss, dealing with wrinkles and looks and keeping pace with the fast life around. Chronic conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure and cancer set in. The increasing population of the aged also means that the health care costs will increase. However, the health of the aging population can be preserved and aging delayed by promoting healthy lifestyles as well as improving the use of clinical preventive services (Keeping the Aging Population Healthy).
The aging populations also Continue reading...

“Sometimes I say the medication is even tougher than the illness.” This quote by Sanya Richards-Ross can serve as an example of the current situation in the USA. One and the same drug, depending on its dose, can show the therapeutic properties and, on the contrary, cause harm to the body, which can often become irreparable. There are therapeutic (healing), toxic (poisonous), and lethal (deadly) dose of medication. The difference between the therapeutic and toxic doses of a number of drugs is very small. Therefore, people should be very careful about the doctor’s instructions and do not take Continue reading...

<Student Name>
<Name and Section # of course>
<Instructor Name>

There has been a long, on-going debate about the issue of mothers with young babies having to either breastfeed them or bottle-feed them especially when in public. Breastfeeding is a relatively primitive method of feeding a child who has its own benefits, of health and well-being of the child and the mother. On the other hand, there is formula feeding which has its own advantages of feeding along with the added comfort of feeding; however, it has its disadvantages as well. Both these methods are used separately Continue reading...

Since the late 1970’s, there has been a growing trend in the United States involving our children and vaccinations. Once thought to be a major medical breakthrough, there has been speculation in recent decades that has made many parents nervous about vaccinations, convincing them inoculations will cause their children to become autistic, or develop epilepsy. The levels of mercury have also been speculated upon in multiple books, also causing unrest in many parents. Those who choose to raise their children in a more natural way sometimes choose not to vaccinate their children, despite the possible consequences. There are Continue reading...

Introduction

The complement system is a complex set of proteins that are constantly present in the blood. This cascade system of proteolytic enzymes intended for humoral defense against the action of foreign agents, it participates in the immune response. It is an important component of both the innate and adaptive immune system.
The complement system functions as a cascade of biochemical reactions. Complement is activated by three biochemical pathways: classical, lectin and alternative way. All three ways are produce different versions of activation C3-convertase (a protein that cleaves C3). The classic way (it was opened first, but is a new Continue reading...

Bone grafting is a surgical procedure intended to replace missing bone tissue in the human body in the event of a fracture or surgical removal due to cancer or in case it has become infective in some other condition. There are several options for replacement of bone tissue in the body. The methods include auto graft (replacement using bone tissue from another part of the person’s body), allograft (from another person) or the use of synthetic bone (for example Nova bone).In this case I would opt to replace the patient’s jaw bone using an auto graft, Continue reading...

Antioxidant definition and general function

Antioxidants are chemical compounds which can delay the start or slow the rate of lipid oxidation reaction in food systems. These are substances that oppose oxidation or inhibit reactions promoted by oxygen or peroxides, of which many are being used as preservatives in various products. (Gupta, 2015)
Antioxidants occur in many foods including fruits and vegetables, pasta and cereals, vegetable oils and green tea. The most common antioxidants are vitamin A, C and E, chemicals found in plants like flavonoids and carotenoids, and minerals such as selenium (Eat Right Ontario, 2015).

Antioxidants Classification based on Mechanism of Action

Non-enzymatic antioxidants interfere with chain reactions of free Continue reading...

The Oxford Dictionary of English describes obesity as “The state of being grossly fat or overweight” and in turn, the possessions of excessive body flesh for the obese. However, in medical terms, the definition of obesity revolves around the body mass index (BMI). Based on a report published by the National Center for Health Statistics, a person’s BMI is “their weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared” (233). The report specifies, “Grade 1 obesity has a BMI of 30.0 to less than 35.0; Grade 2 is 35.0 to less than 40.0; and Grade 3 is 40.0 Continue reading...

Medicine

(Department)

Introduction of Regulatory T cell

Regulatory T (Treg) cells belong to the family of T cells, which are important in modulating the activity of the immune system. These cells are involved in suppression or downregulation of induction and proliferation of effector T cells. They help in protection from immune-mediated diseases. In the past few years, extensive research has been done on regulatory T cells, and numerous functions of these cells have been found in various diseases such as allergy, autoimmunity related diseases, cancer, and microbial infection. Regulatory T cells are thought to be produced in the thymus from precursor cells having high affinity Continue reading...

[Author Name(s), First M. Last, Omit Titles and Degrees]
[Institutional Affiliation(s)]
[Include any grant/funding information and a complete correspondence address.]
Breast cancer is one of the deadliest cancer prevalent in the modern world. According to the Journal of national Comprehensive Cancer Network, the author Therese B. Bevers, (2009) clearly states that Women in the United States have a 12.3% estimated lifetime risk for developing breast cancer (i.e., 1 in 8 women). In 2009, an estimated 194,290 cases of invasive breast cancer (192,370 women and 1919 men) and 62,280 cases of female carcinoma in situ Continue reading...